Microbiology Chapter 26 Flashcards

1) Which of the following correctly lists all organs of the urinary system?
A. Two kidneys, two ureters, one urinary bladder, one urethra, external genitalia 

B. Two kidneys, one ureter, one urinary bladder, two urethras

C. Two kidneys, two ureters, one urinary bladder, one urethra

D. Two kidneys, one ureter, one urinary bladder, two urethras, external genitalia

*2) Select all that apply. Infection of the urinary system is prevented by:

A.Valves that prevent backflow to the kidneys

B. Sterility of urine

C. Normal microbiota outcompeting potential pathogens

D. pH of urine

E. Mechanical flushing

3) Which of the following correctly lists all organs of the female genital system (covered in class)?

A.Two ovaries, two uterine (fallopian) tubes, the vagina, external genitals (vulva)

B. Two ovaries, two uterine (fallopian) tubes, the uterus, the cervix, the vagina, external genitals (vulva)

C. Two ovaries, two uterine (fallopian) tubes, the vagina

D. Two ovaries, two uterine (fallopian) tubes, the uterus, the cervix

4) Which of the following correctly lists all organs of the male genital system (covered in class)?

A.Two testes, system of ducts (epididymis, ductus [vas] deferens, ejaculatory duct, ureters), accessory glands, penis

B. Two testes, system of ducts (epididymis, ductus [vas] deferens, ejaculatory duct, ureters), penis

C. Two testes, system of ducts (epididymis, ductus [vas] deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra), accessory glands, penis

D. Two testes, system of ducts (epididymis, ductus [vas] deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra), accessory glands, penis, seminiferous tubules

*5) Normal urine is sterile. True or false?

6) Free response. List all predominant microbes of the vagina. Include any notable characteristics about these microbes.

7) The male urethra introduces ___________ into _____________.

A. fungi; the urinary bladder

B. bacteria; the urinary bladder

C. fungi; semen

D. bacteria; semen

8) Free response. List all predominant microbes of the seminal vesicles.

*9) Match each type of infection/inflammation with its effects.

A. Urethritis E. Inflammation of the urethra

B. Cystitis F. Inflammation of the urinary bladder

C. Ureteritis G. Inflammation of one or both kidneys

D. Pyelonephritis H. Infection of the ureters

*10) Fill in the blank. Cystitis is mostly caused by _____________.

11) Select all that apply. The symptoms associated with cystitis include:

A. Proteinuria (protein in urine)

B. Hematuria (blood in urine)

C. Dysuria (difficult or painful urination)

D. Pyuria (pus in urine)

E. Nitrituria (nitrites in urine)

12) Select all that apply. Cystitis requires treatment with

A. Nitrofurantoin

B. A fluoroquinolone

C. IV replacement therapy

D. Second or third generation cephalosporin

E. Doxycycline

13) Fill in the blank. 75% of pyelonephritis cases are caused by ___________. 

14) Free response. List all symptoms associated with pyelonephritis.

15) <100,000 CFUs/ml of a single species and a negative LE test is the diagnosis for pyelonephritis. True or false?

16) Which of the following is the proper treatment for pyelonephritis?

A. Second generation cephalosporin only

B. Third generation cephalosporin only

C. Second or third generation cephalosporin

D. First or second generation cephalosporin

*17) Fill in the blank. The main virulence factor associated with the etiological agent of pyelonephritis is ______________.

18) Select all that apply. The symptoms associated with cystitis include:

A. Proteinuria (protein in urine)

B. Hematuria (blood in urine)

C. Dysuria (difficult or painful urination)

D. Pyuria (pus in urine)

E. Nitrituria (nitrites in urine)

*19a) Fill in the blank. The etiological agent of leptospirosis is ____________. 

19b) Free response. List the characteristics of this etiological agent.

20) Free response. Describe the way in which leptospirosis is transmitted.

21) Free response. List all symptoms associated with leptospirosis.

22) Leptospirosis is diagnosed with a rapid serological test. True or false.

23) Which of the following is the proper treatment for leptospirosis?

A. Tacrolimus

B. Finerenone

C. ACE inhibitors

D. Doxycycline

24) Select all that apply. Which of the following characteristics are true regarding STIs?

A. STI stands for sexually transmitted illness

B. Often have no signs or symptoms

C. All STIs are bacterial

D. There are over 30 types of STIs

E. Most can be prevented with condoms

25a) Fill in the blank. The etiological agent of gonorrhea is ___________.

25b) Free response. List the characteristics of this etiological agent.

26) Select all that apply. Which of the following are types of gonorrhea?

A. Dermal

B. Genital

C. Pharyngeal

D. Anal

E. Oral

Free response. Describe the way in which the etiological agent of gonorrhea causes infection.

28) Free response. Compare the signs and symptoms of gonorrhea between men and women.

*29) Select all that apply. The virulence factors of gonorrhea include:

A. Slime layer

B. Fimbriae

C. Opa protein

D. Capsule

E.IgA protease

*30) Adaptive immunity is ineffective against gonorrhea. True or false?