PHYSICS Unit 3 Test

Projectile Motion

Motion described by horizontal and vertical components.

Vectors

Quantities with both direction and magnitude.

Magnitude

Size or quantity of a measurement.

Scalar Quantities

Measurements with only magnitude, no direction.

Vector Quantity

Includes both magnitude and direction.

Velocity Vectors

Represent speed and direction of motion.

Scale for Velocity

1 cm = 20 km/h in vector representation.

Parallelogram Rule

Method to find resultant of nonparallel vectors.

Resultant Vector

Diagonal of the parallelogram formed by vectors.

Right Angle Vectors

Vectors at right angles form a rectangle.

Resultant Force Magnitude

Combined effect of two or more forces.

Crosswind Effect

Wind at right angle affects airplane speed.

Velocity Relative to Ground

Depends on airplane and wind velocities.

Component Vectors

Two perpendicular vectors that represent one vector.

Independent Components

Perpendicular components of a vector do not affect each other.

Vector Addition Order

Order of addition does not affect the result.

80 km/h Airplane

Speed of airplane relative to surrounding air.

Tailwind

Wind that assists forward motion of an object.

Crosswind

Wind blowing perpendicular to the direction of motion.

Resultant Speed Calculation

Combining velocities gives total speed relative to ground.

3-4-5 Triangle

Right triangle with sides 3, 4, and 5 units.

Diagonal of Rectangle

Represents resultant of two perpendicular vectors.

Vector Resolution

Breaking down a vector into components.

Velocity Combination

Result of combining multiple velocity vectors.

Airplane Speed in Wind

Speed changes based on wind direction.

Vector Representation

Visual depiction of magnitude and direction.

Vector Movement

Vectors can be repositioned without changing properties.

Components of a Vector

Two perpendicular vectors that sum to a given vector.

Resolution

Process of determining a vector's components.

Linear Motion

Motion along a straight path.

Nonlinear Motion

Motion along a curved path.

Projectile

Object moving under gravity's influence.

Examples of Projectiles

Cannonball, stone, ball, spacecraft.

Curved Path of Projectiles

Path resulting from horizontal and vertical components.

Horizontal Component

Motion along the x-axis, constant velocity.

Instantaneous Velocity Formula

Vx = Dx/t, where Dx is displacement.

Displacement Formula

Dx = Vx * t, for horizontal motion.

Vertical Velocity Formula

Vy = -gt, for falling projectiles.

Independence of Components

Horizontal and vertical motions do not affect each other.

R = Curved Paths of Projectiles

Result from combined horizontal and vertical motions.

Projectile Motion Separation

Analyzing horizontal and vertical components separately.

Cannonball Drop Experiment

Both cannonballs hit the ground simultaneously.

Free Fall

Motion affected only by gravity's acceleration.

Horizontal Launch

Projectile motion resembles level surface motion.

Vertical Launch

Projectile motion resembles free fall motion.

Constant Horizontal Velocity

No gravitational force acts horizontally.

Acceleration Due to Gravity

Denoted as 'g', approximately 9.81 m/s².

Projectile Motion Characteristics

Curved paths with independent motion components.

Horizontal Motion in Projectiles

Constant speed, unaffected by vertical motion.

Vertical Motion in Projectiles

Accelerated motion due to gravitational force.

Vertical Distance

Distance fallen vertically during projectile motion.

Horizontal Range

Horizontal distance traveled by a projectile.

Vertical Velocity at Impact

Velocity of a projectile just before hitting the ground.

Resultant Velocity

Combined velocity from horizontal and vertical components.

Parabolic Path

Curved trajectory of a projectile under gravity.

Initial Horizontal Velocity

Starting velocity in the horizontal direction.

Vertical Acceleration

Acceleration due to gravity acting downward, -9.8 m/s².

Time of Flight

Duration a projectile remains in the air.

Initial Vertical Velocity

Starting velocity in the vertical direction.

Maximum Altitude

Highest point reached by a projectile.

Velocity at Maximum Altitude

Vertical velocity is zero, horizontal remains constant.

Height of the Cliff

Vertical distance from top to bottom of a cliff.

Magnitude of Resultant Velocity

Overall speed of a projectile at impact.

Horizontal Acceleration

Change in horizontal velocity, typically zero.

Vertical Component of Velocity

Velocity directed downward just before impact.

Time of Fall Calculation

Determining time based on height and gravity.

Range Calculation

Determining horizontal distance based on time and velocity.

Vertical Distance Calculation

Using time and gravity to find height fallen.

Horizontal Distance Calculation

Using time and horizontal velocity to find range.

Initial Conditions

Starting parameters for projectile motion analysis.

Vertical Displacement

Distance fallen below ideal path, increases over time.

Ideal Trajectory

Path a projectile would follow without gravity.

Vertical Distance Formula

dy = 1/2 gt² for vertical fall.

What remains constant throughout projectile's motion.

horizontal component

Vertical Component

Changes due to gravitational acceleration, moving along the x axis

Instantaneous Velocity

Velocity at a specific point in projectile's path.

Cannonball Motion

Describes projectile motion with constant horizontal velocity.

Top of Path Velocity

Vertical component is zero; equals horizontal component.

Launching Angle

Angle affects the range and height of projectile.

Range of Projectile

Distance traveled horizontally before landing.

Equal Time Principle

Vertical fall distance is same for equal time intervals.

Release from Rest

Projectile falls same distance as if dropped.

Velocity Magnitude

Greater at diagonal than horizontal or vertical components.

Projectile Path

Curved trajectory influenced by gravity and launch angle following an object in motion

Vertical Distance Increase

Continues with time due to constant acceleration.

Trajectory Comparison

Different angles yield different horizontal distances.

Motion Analysis

Examines changes in velocity components during flight.

Projectile Launch Speed

Initial speed affects maximum height and range.

Vertical Component Changes

Varies while horizontal component remains constant.

Gravity's Role

Essential for determining projectile's vertical motion.

Idealized Straight-Line Path

Represents motion without the influence of gravity.

Initial Velocity Vector

Velocity at launch, includes direction and magnitude.

Projection Angle

Angle at which a projectile is launched.

Altitude

Height of the projectile above the ground.

Flight Time

Total duration of the projectile's motion.

Maximum Height

Highest point reached by the projectile.

Angle of Launch

Initial angle determining projectile's trajectory.

45 Degrees

Angle for maximum range on level ground.

90 Degrees

Angle for maximum height but zero range.

Air Resistance

Force opposing projectile's motion through air.