Nucleic Acids, Nucleosides, and Nucleotides

Vocabulary flashcards identifying the structures, base pairs, nucleosides, nucleotides, dinucleotides, and cyclic monophosphates presented in the lecture.

Adenine

A nitrogenous nucleobase found in both DNA and RNA.

Guanine

A nitrogenous nucleobase found in both DNA and RNA.

Cytosine

A nitrogenous nucleobase found in both DNA and RNA.

Thymine

A nitrogenous nucleobase found exclusively in DNA.

Uracil

A nitrogenous nucleobase found exclusively in RNA.

Watson-Crick Base Pair $A=T$

Base pairing interaction between Adenine and Thymine formed via two hydrogen bonds.

Watson-Crick Base Pair $G \equiv C$

Base pairing interaction between Guanine and Cytosine formed via three hydrogen bonds.

$$5'\text{-dAdG-}3'$$

A DNA dinucleotide composed of deoxyadenosine at the $5'$ end and deoxyguanosine at the $3'$ end.

$$5'\text{-CU-}3'$$

An RNA dinucleotide composed of cytidine at the $5'$ end and uridine at the $3'$ end.

Adenosine (A)

An RNA nucleoside composed of adenine attached to a ribose sugar.

Adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)

An RNA nucleotide containing an adenosine nucleoside with a single phosphate group attached at the $5'$ position.

Deoxyadenosine (dA)

A DNA nucleoside composed of adenine attached to a deoxyribose sugar.

Deoxyadenosine 5'-monophosphate (dAMP)

A DNA nucleotide containing a deoxyadenosine nucleoside with a single phosphate group attached at the $5'$ position.

Guanosine (G)

An RNA nucleoside composed of guanine attached to a ribose sugar.

Guanosine 5'-monophosphate (GMP)

An RNA nucleotide containing a guanosine nucleoside with a single phosphate group attached at the $5'$ position.

Deoxyguanosine (dG)

A DNA nucleoside composed of guanine attached to a deoxyribose sugar.

Deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate (dGMP)

A DNA nucleotide containing a deoxyguanosine nucleoside with a single phosphate group attached at the $5'$ position.

Cytidine (C)

An RNA nucleoside composed of cytosine attached to a ribose sugar.

Cytidine 5'-monophosphate (CMP)

An RNA nucleotide containing a cytidine nucleoside with a single phosphate group attached at the $5'$ position.

Deoxycytidine (dC)

A DNA nucleoside composed of cytosine attached to a deoxyribose sugar.

Deoxycytidine 5'-monophosphate (dCMP)

A DNA nucleotide containing a deoxycytidine nucleoside with a single phosphate group attached at the $5'$ position.

Uridine (U)

An RNA nucleoside composed of uracil attached to a ribose sugar.

Uridine 5'-monophosphate (UMP)

An RNA nucleotide containing a uridine nucleoside with a single phosphate group attached at the $5'$ position.

Deoxythymidine (dT)

A DNA nucleoside composed of thymine attached to a deoxyribose sugar; also referred to as Thymidine.

Deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate (dTMP)

A DNA nucleotide containing a deoxythymidine nucleoside with a single phosphate group attached at the $5'$ position.

adenosine 2',3'-cyclic monophosphate (2',3'-cAMP)

A cyclic monophosphate derivative of adenosine where the phosphate group forms a ring structure attached to both the $2'$ and $3'$ hydroxyl positions of ribose.