CHAPTER 36: OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION

Energy rich molecules that contain a pair of electrons with high transfer potential.

Mitochondrial NADH and FADH2

Process that utilizes the electron transport chain (ETC) to transfer electrons from NADH and FADH2 to molecular oxygen, generating ATP.

Oxidative phosphorylation

Process by which reducing equivalents from NADH are carried across mitochondrial membranes by malate, allowing for cytoplasmic NAD+ reformation and utilization of NADH and/or FADH2 in the ETC.

Mal shuttle

Process by which reducing equivalents from NADH are carried across mitochondrial membranes by glycerol 3-phosphate, allowing for cytoplasmic NAD+ reformation and utilization of NADH and/or FADH2 in the ETC.

Glycerol 3-P shuttle

Process in which electrons are removed from a compound.

Oxidation

Process in which electrons are gained by a compound.

Reduction

Major consumer of O2 in mammalian cells, functions by passing electrons from compounds with less reductive potential to those with more reductive potential.

Electron transport chain (ETC)

First complex of the ETC, passes electrons from NADH to coenzyme Q (CoQ).

Complex I (NADH-CoQ reductase)

Second complex of the ETC, transfers electrons from FADH2 to CoQ.

Complex II (succinyl-CoQ reductase)

Third complex of the ETC, transfers electrons from CoQ to cytochrome c (Cyt c).

Complex III (cytochrome c reductase)

Final complex of the ETC, transfers electrons from cytochrome c to molecular oxygen (O2) to form water (H2O).

Complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase)

Process in which protons are ejected from the inner mitochondrial membrane, re-enter the mitochondrial matrix, and

Phosphorylation