OTD 509 Quiz 4

Proximal row of bones

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

Distal row

Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

Scaphoid bone

Biggest of the proximal, most commonly fractured, floor on snuffbox

Lunate

Most frequently dislocated bone in the wrist

Triquetrum

3rd most fractured bone

Capitate

Largest carpal bone in the distal carpal row

Hamate

Has a hook of hamate

Metacarpals

Between the carpals and phalanges, each has a head, beck body and base

Radiocarpal

Wrist joint, between the radius and the proximal row of carpal bones.

Condyloid joint, concave on convex joint type

Mid carpal

Between the proximal and distal row of carpals

Intercarpal joints

Between adjacent carpal bones

Non axial plane

Arthrokinematic glide

Carpometacarpal joint

Joint between the carpal and the metacarpals

Articular disk

Disk between the ulnar head and the proximal row Separate ulna to wrist

flexion and extension

Flexion= 80

Extension= 70

Flexion is greater and extension is less because radius head gets in the way for extension

ulnar and radial deviation

Ulnar= 30

Radial= 20

Ulnar is greater and radial is less because radius head gets in the way

Joint capsule

Entire structure of ligaments that protects the wrist

Reinforces

Radial collateral ligament

Reinforces lateral aspect of capsule

Limits ulnar deviation

Ulnar collateral ligament

Reinforces medial aspect of capsule

Limits radial deviation

Palmar radiocarpal ligament

Limits wrist extension

On the palm

Dorsal radiocarpal ligament

Reinforces posterior aspect of the capsule

Limits wrist flexion

Flexor and extensor retinaculum

Bands of connective tissue that protect and don't allow mobility

Keeps everything in place holds tendons and nerves in place

Palmar aponeurosis

Thick connective tissue

Keeps palm intact

Flexor carpi radialis

- Origin: Medial epicondyle

- Insertion: Base of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

- Action: WF and RD

- Nerve: Median C6 and C7

Palmaris longus

- Origin: medial epicondyle

- Insertion: palmar aponeurosis

- Action: WF

- Nerve: median C6 and C7

Flexor carpi ulnaris

- Origin: medial epicondyle

- Insertion: pisiform and 5th metacarpal

- Action: WF and UD

- Nerve: Ulnar C8 and T1

Extensor carpi radialis longus

- Origin: lateral supracondylar

- Insertion: 2nd metacarpal dorsal side

- Action: WE and RD

- Nerve: radial C6 and C7

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

- Origin: lateral epicondyle

- Insertion: 3rd metacarpal

- Action: WE

- Nerve: radial C6 and C7

Extensor carpi ulnaris

- Origin: lateral epicondyle

- Insertion: 5th metacarpal

- Action: WE and UD

- Nerve: radial C6 and C7

Common pathologies of wrist

- Colles, Smyths, greenstick and scaphoid fracture

- Ganglion cyst

- sprains