AP Psych Vocab Quizz

Recall

recalling a memory without any options

Recognition

retrieving a memory from a list of options (multiple choice)

Sensory Memory

brief bits of information that come from environment

information is passed onto short term memory when paying attention

Echoic Memory

Sound bits of information we hear every second

Iconic Memory

Visual bits of information we see every second

Short Term Memory

7 bits of information that is held onto for 30 seconds

what is paid attention to will be passed onto long term memory

Long Term Memory

infinite and limitless

Long Term Potentiation

the physical changes to neurons when memories are created

Deep Processing

giving meaning to information to create stronger memories

Shallow Processing

Focusing on the structure or the sounds of words but not the meaning (spelling)

Encoding

Taking in information to create a memory

Storage

Holding onto memories that are created

Retrieval

accessing memories from long term memory at a later time

Serial Position Effect

typically remembering the beginning of the list (primacy) and the end of a list (recency) but forgetting the middle

Method of Loci

using specific location cues to encode and retrieve memories

Spacing Effect

studying information repeatedly over several sessions instead of cramming into one session

Episodic Memory

events of our lives

Semantic Memory

general knowledge; trivia

Procedural Memory

memory of how to do tasks and skills (bike riding, typing)

Prospective Memory

memory to do something in the future (having a test next week)

Working Memory

holding onto information that will be useful in the moment

Visuospatial Workspace

being able to visualize information to help us process things in the moment

Phonological Loop

helps us to process and use verbal and auditory information to use in the moment (repeating questions asked in your head so you can answer)

State Dependent Memory

your current internal state of mind may trigger other times you had the same state of mind (hungry, tired, sad)

Context Dependent Memory

a external trigger that can help you retrieve memories (chewing the same gum while studying and during the test to remember better)

Testing Effect

taking a practice quiz is better for studying than just reading notes

Misinformation Effect

our memories can be changed or influenced by outside sources

Retroactive Interference

an OLD memory is blocked

Proactive Interference

a NEW memory is blocked

Retrograde Amnesia

brain injury or illness causes loss of older memories

Anterograde Amnesia

brain injury or illness causes new memories to not be formed

Source Amnesia

incorrectly identifying or not remembering where you heard information

Infantile Amnesia

not being able to remembering things from really young

Framing

how a question is presented/framed can influence a memory

Prototype

what you consider the best example of something (what you picture when u think of a chair or dog)

Accommodation

creating a new concept to fit newly learned information

Assimilation

adding new information to an existing (young children)

Executive Functions

humans highest level of cognitive abilities

Availability Heuristic

decision making based on what you are familiar with or heard about recently

Representativeness Hueristic

your prototype can affect your opinions of people (stereotype)

Mental Set

only trying to solve a problem using a method that has worked in the past

Sunk Cost Fallacy

when a person doesn’t want to change their thinking because they have already invested too much time or money into what they are doing