Assessment of Childbearing Woman

Gynecoid Pelvis

Ideal pelvis type for childbirth; other types include anthropoid, android, and platypelloid.

Pelvic Inlet

Opening in the pelvis where the baby must fit for vaginal delivery.

CS (Cesarean Section)

Surgical delivery if the pelvic inlet is too narrow for vaginal birth.

NSVD

Normal Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery.

GTPALM

System for classifying pregnancy status (Gravida, Term, Preterm, Abortion, Living, Multiple).

AOG

Age of the fetus inside the mother's womb.

Naegle's Rule

Method to estimate the due date by adding 7 days and counting back 3 months from the first day of the last menstrual period.

Mietendorf's Rule

Method to estimate the due date by adding 7 days and counting back 3 months from the first day of the last menstrual period.

McDonald's Rule

Method to estimate fetal weight by measuring the fundal height in centimeters.

Maternal Role Attainment Theory

Theory by Ramona Mercer focusing on a woman's attainment of the maternal role during pregnancy.

SGA

Small for Gestational Age; babies born from smokers or exposed to secondhand smoke.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Condition caused by maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy.

Teratogen

Substance that can cause birth defects.

Menarche

Onset of the first menstrual period.

Menorrhagia

Excessive or prolonged menstrual bleeding lasting more than 7 days.

Metrorrhagia

Bleeding from the uterus between menstrual periods.

PIH

Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension; signs include blurred vision, headache, high BP, and edema.

Ectopic Pregnancy

Implantation of the embryo outside the uterus, often in the fallopian tube.

Placenta Previa

Abnormal placental attachment due to scars in the upper posterior uterus from previous procedures.

Reproductive Planning Method

Strategy for managing pregnancies

Grand Multiparity

Having given birth 5 or more times

Stress Incontinence

Urinary leakage due to weak muscles

Gravida

Total pregnancies including current

Full Term

Babies born at or after 37 weeks

Pre Term

Babies born before 37 weeks

Age of Gestation (AOG)

Weeks from LMP to current date

Age of Viability

Fetal survival outside uterus (~24 weeks)

Bartholomew's Rule

AOG estimation using fundus height

Haase's Rule

Fetal length estimation formula

Leopold's Maneuver

Technique to assess fetal presentation

Fetal Heart Rate (FHR)

Rate of fetal heartbeat

Colostrum

Early breast milk secretion

Gingival Hypertrophy

Swollen gums due to estrogen

Herpes Infection

Viral infection with lip lesions

Edema

Swelling due to fluid retention

Chloasma

Facial pigment change in pregnancy

Quickening

Fetal movements felt by the mother

Eustachian Tube

Connects ear to nasal cavity

Fundus Height

Height of uterus above pubic bone

Vitamin Deficiency

Lack of essential nutrients

Tympanic Landmarks

Anatomy of the eardrum

Danger Signs of Pregnancy

Symptoms needing immediate attention

Supernumerary Nipple

Extra nipple in addition to two

Thyroid enlargement

Slight enlargement of the thyroid due to an overall increase in metabolic rate.

Breast changes

Subjective sign of pregnancy including darkening and widening of the areola.

Nausea and vomiting

Subjective sign of pregnancy that may indicate pregnancy.

Iodized salt

Encouraged for pregnant women to use to ensure iodine intake.

Uterine enlargement

Objective sign of pregnancy due to the growth of the uterus.

Linea nigra

Dark line that appears on the abdomen during pregnancy.

Melasma

Hyperpigmentation of the skin commonly seen in pregnant women.

Lymph Nodes

Palpable lymph nodes may indicate pregnancy due to reduced immunologic resistance.

Striae gravidum

Stretch marks that appear on the skin during pregnancy.

Amenorrhea

Absence of menstruation, a sign of pregnancy.

Frequent urination

Increased urination frequency, a sign of pregnancy.

Fatigue

Feeling of tiredness and lack of energy, common in pregnancy.

hCG

Hormone created by chorionic villi in the placenta, detectable in blood 7-9 days after conception.

Hyperemesis gravidarum

Severe and persistent nausea and vomiting beyond the first trimester of pregnancy.

Chadwick's sign

Increased vascularity of the vagina, appearing as a bluish discoloration.

Montgomery tubercles

Sebaceous glands in the areolae that become prominent during pregnancy.

Ballottement

Fetal movement felt by the examiner when the lower uterine segment is tapped.

Goodell's sign

Softening of the cervix, a sign of pregnancy.

Braxton Hicks contractions

Periodic uterine contractions that serve as a warm-up for labor.

Hegar's sign

Softening of the lower uterine segment just above the cervix, a sign of pregnancy.

Sonographic evidence

Visual evidence of fetal outline or gestational sac, confirming pregnancy.

Fetal heart tone

Audible fetal heartbeat, a positive sign of pregnancy.

Fetal movement

Fetal movements felt by the examiner, indicating pregnancy.

Diastasis

Separation of rectus muscle, observed during pregnancy.

Striae albicantis

Silvery white stretch marks that may appear during pregnancy.

Operculum

Mucus plug that seals the cervix during pregnancy.

Physiologic retraction ring

Line of demarcation between upper and lower uterine segments during labor.

Pathologic retraction ring

Abnormal tension in the upper uterus leading to severe complications.

Melasma/Chloasma

Also known as the mask of pregnancy.

Vascular spiders

Small, fiery-red branching spots commonly found on the thighs.

Palmar erythema

Reddening of the palms due to increased estrogen levels in the body.

Striae gravidarum

Pink or reddish streaks appearing on the sides of the abdominal wall and sometimes the thighs.

Folic acid

Important nutrient found in green leafy vegetables and beef, crucial in preventing neural tube defects.

Blood volume

Increases by at least 30% and possibly up to 50% during pregnancy.

Iron needs

During pregnancy, the body requires 800mg of iron.

Calcium and phosphorous

Nutritional needs that increase during pregnancy.

Placenta

Produces hormones like hCG, estrogen, progesterone, hPL, relaxin, and prostaglandins.

Leopold's Maneuver

A series of four steps used to assess the fetus's position and presentation during pregnancy.