module 1 antomy

Integumentary System

Skin, hair, nails

Skeletal System

Bones, cartilage, ligaments

Muscular System

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles

Nervous System

Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves

Endocrine System

Glands, including pancreas, adrenals, and pituitary

Cardiovascular System

Heart and blood vessels

Respiratory System

Lungs, trachea, pharynx

Lymphatic System

Lymph nodes, thymus, spleen

Digestive System

Stomach, intestines, esophagus

Urinary System

Kidneys and bladder

Reproductive System

Testes or ovaries

Posterior (Dorsal)

Toward the back

Cranial

Toward the head

Caudal

Toward the tail

Medial

Toward the midline

Lateral

Toward the sides

Superficial

Near the surface of the body or organ

Deep

Toward the center of the body or organ

Superior

Above another body part

Inferior

Below another body part

Supine

Face up

Prone

Face down

Maintain Boundaries

Keeps the body’s internal environment distinct from the external environment; skin and cell membranes help create these boundaries

Movement

Locomotion and movement of substances

Responsiveness

Ability to sense change and react

Digestion

Breaks down food and delivers nutrients

Metabolism

Production of energy and making body structures

Excretion

Eliminates waste produced by metabolism

Reproduction

Production of offspring and provides new cells for growth and repair

Growth

Increase in cell size and number

abdominal

anterior body trunk inferior to ribs

acromial

point of shoulder

antebrachial

forearm

antecubital

anterior surface of elbow

axillary

armpit

brachial

arm

buccal

cheek area

carpal

wrist

cervical

neck region

coxal

hip

crural

anterior leg; the shin

deltoid

curve or shoulder formed by large deltoid muscle

digital

fingers, toes

fermoral

thigh (anterior and posterior)

frontal

forehead

inguinal

area where thigh meets body trunk; groin

mental

chin

nasal

nose area

oral

mouth

orbital

eye area

patellar

anterior knee

pectoral

relating to, or occuring in or on, the chest

pelvic

area overlaying the pelvis anteriorly

pubic

genital region

sternal

breastbone area

tarsal

ankle region

thoracic

area between the neck and abdomen, supported by the ribs, sternum and costal cartilages; chest

umbilical

navel

calcaneal

heel of foot

cephalic

head

femoral

thigh

gluteal

buttock

lumbar

area of back between ribs and hips; the loin

occipital

posterior surface of head of base of skull

olecranal

posterior surface of elbow

popliteal

posterior knee area

sacral

area between hips at base of spine

scapular

shoulder blade region

sural

the posterior surface of leg; the calf

vertebral

area of spinal column

plantar

sole of foot; inferior body surface

Anterior (Ventral)

toward the front/belly