Cell Metabolism - A&P

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Metabolism

The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the body

What are the two main groups of the metabolic process

Anabolism and Catabolism

Anabolism

All constructive processes that manufacture the substances needed for growth and repair

Example of anabolism:

Dehydration synthesis

Dehydration synthesis

Constructive process where two molecules join together by removing water

Anabolism is how

complex carbohydrates/lipids/proteins are made in body

Catabolism

All destructive processes to break down substances in human body

Example of catabolism:

Hydrolysis

Hydrolysis

Destructive process where large molecules are split apart by adding water

Catabolism is how

complex carbohydrates/lipids/proteins are broken down in human body

Activation energy

Required energy for metabolic processes to take place

How to make metabolic processes take place quickly

Energy must be lowered by enzymes

Enzymes

Complex molecule (usually protein) that promotes chemical reactions

How do enzymes promote chemical reactions

By lowering amount of energy needed to start reaction

Enzymes are also referred to as:

Biological catalysts

Catalyst

Substance that speeds up chemical reaction without being used in reaction

Substrate

Substance that enzyme is specific for

Enzymes bind to…

Their activation site

What happens when enzyme is bound

Enzyme-substrate complex is metabolized into product(s) and enzyme

What happens when enzyme is finished in reaction

Enzyme finds another substrate to bond to

Enzymatic reactions…

Must be controlled

Enzymatic reactions are controlled by:

Amount of enzyme available, amount of substrate available, efficiency of enzyme, and inhibitor(s)

Efficiency of enzyme

Turnover number

Inhibitor(s)

Substrate that binds to the enzyme, keeping it from catalyzing the reaction