MCB 2610: Exam 3 pt. 4

sporulation occurs under?

nutrient deprivation

sporulation

process of endospore formation

sporulation takes how long?

up to 10 hours

sporulation is a complex multistage process and it is an?

all or nothing response

endospore formation - axial filament formation

DNA stretching out across entire length of cell

endospore formation - septum formation and forespore development

invagination of cell membrane

endospore formation - engulfment of forespore

cell membrane of mother cell moves down and engulfs the forespore

endospore formation - cortex formation

layer of peptidoglycan down between inner and outer membrane

endospore formation - coat synthesis

takes 2 steps, ecomes fully formed cell

endospore formation - lysis of sporangium, spore liberation

when spore can be released and mother cell is killed

germination

reverse process of sporulation; transformation of endospore into vegetative cell

is germination also an all or nothing response?

yes

what tells a spore to germinate?

influx of nutrients

formation of vegetative cell - 3 steps

activation, germination and outgrowth

activation includes?

preparing spore for germination resulting from treatments like heating

germination includes?

environmental nutrients being detected, spore swelling and rupture of absorption of spore coat, loss of resistance and increased metabolic activity

what happens to water during germination?

CaDPA out of spore, water into spore and cortex breaks down

outgrowth includes?

emergence of vegetative cell

species - standard binomial nomenclature

group of strains sharing common features while differing considerably from other strains

genus - standard binomial nomenclature

group of closely related species

classification depends on many features like?

size, shape, gram type, colony morphology, presences of structures such as capsules/endospores, physiologic/metabolic traits and DNA sequence data

once classified, microbes are deposited in at least two culture collections - the world federation for culture collection maintains a database of more than 500 collections from over 60 countries - these are pure maintained cultures made available to?

scientists for research purposes