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These flashcards cover key concepts from the Pure Physics O Level 2026 syllabus including definitions, terms, and important laws.
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Physical Quantity
A quantity that can be measured and consists of a numerical magnitude and a unit.
Base Quantities
Fundamental quantities that cannot be expressed in terms of other quantities.
Derived Quantities
Quantities that can be expressed in terms of base quantities.
SI Unit
Système International; the internationally agreed system of units for measurement.
Scalar Quantity
A physical quantity that has magnitude only (e.g., mass, time, temperature, distance, speed, energy).
Vector Quantity
A physical quantity that has both magnitude and direction (e.g., displacement, velocity, acceleration, force).
Density
Mass divided by volume, measured in kg/m³.
Force
A push or pull that can cause an object to accelerate, with SI unit Newton (N).
Newton's First Law
An object will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by a resultant external force.
Newton's Second Law
The rate of change of momentum of a body is directly proportional to the resultant force acting on it.
Newton's Third Law
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Pressure
The force acting per unit area, measured in Pascal (Pa).
Energy
The ability to do work or cause change, measured in Joules (J).
Kinetic Energy
Energy due to motion, calculated as KE = ½mv².
Potential Energy
Energy due to position in a gravitational field, calculated as PE = mgh.
Wave
A disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another without transferring matter.
Electromagnetic Spectrum
The complete range of electromagnetic waves arranged in order of wavelength or frequency.
Static Electricity
The build-up of electric charge on insulating materials and remain stationary.
Electric Current
The flow of electric charge through a conductor, measured in Amperes (A).
Resistance
The opposition to current flow, measured in Ohms (Ω).
Electromagnetic Induction
The production of an induced e.m.f. in a conductor when it experiences a changing magnetic field.
Radioactivity
The spontaneous and random emission of radiation from unstable atomic nuclei.
Half-Life
The time taken for half the radioactive nuclei in a sample to decay.
Induced Current
Current that flows due to induced e.m.f. if the circuit is complete.
Electromagnet
A soft iron core inside a solenoid that becomes a strong temporary magnet when current flows.
Physical Quantity
A quantity that can be measured and consists of a numerical magnitude and a unit.
Base Quantities
Fundamental quantities that cannot be expressed in terms of other quantities.
Derived Quantities
Quantities that can be expressed in terms of base quantities.
SI Unit
Système International; the internationally agreed system of units for measurement.
Scalar Quantity
A physical quantity that has magnitude only (e.g., mass, time, temperature, distance, speed, energy).
Vector Quantity
A physical quantity that has both magnitude and direction (e.g., displacement, velocity, acceleration, force).
Density
Mass divided by volume, measured in kg/m^{3}.
Force
A push or pull that can cause an object to accelerate, with SI unit Newton (N).
Newton's First Law
An object will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by a resultant external force.
Newton's Second Law
The rate of change of momentum of a body is directly proportional to the resultant force acting on it.
Newton's Third Law
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Pressure
The force acting per unit area, measured in Pascal (Pa).
Energy
The ability to do work or cause change, measured in Joules (J).
Kinetic Energy
Energy due to motion, calculated as KE = \frac{1}{2}mv^{2}.
Potential Energy
Energy due to position in a gravitational field, calculated as PE = mgh.
Wave
A disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another without transferring matter.
Electromagnetic Spectrum
The complete range of electromagnetic waves arranged in order of wavelength or frequency.
Static Electricity
The build-up of electric charge on insulating materials and remain stationary.
Electric Current
The flow of electric charge through a conductor, measured in Amperes (A).
Resistance
The opposition to current flow, measured in Ohms (\Omega).
Electromagnetic Induction
The production of an induced e.m.f. in a conductor when it experiences a changing magnetic field.
Radioactivity
The spontaneous and random emission of radiation from unstable atomic nuclei.
Half-Life
The time taken for half the radioactive nuclei in a sample to decay.
Induced Current
Current that flows due to induced e.m.f. if the circuit is complete.
Electromagnet
A soft iron core inside a solenoid that becomes a strong temporary magnet when current flows.
Physical Quantity
A quantity that can be measured and consists of a numerical magnitude and a unit.
Base Quantities
Fundamental quantities that cannot be expressed in terms of other quantities.
Derived Quantities
Quantities that can be expressed in terms of base quantities.
SI Unit
Système International; the internationally agreed system of units for measurement.
Scalar Quantity
A physical quantity that has magnitude only (e.g., mass, time, temperature, distance, speed, energy).
Vector Quantity
A physical quantity that has both magnitude and direction (e.g., displacement, velocity, acceleration, force).
Density
Mass divided by volume, measured in kg/m^{3}. Formula: \rho = \frac{m}{V}.
Force
A push or pull that can cause an object to accelerate, with SI unit Newton (N). Formula: F = ma.
Newton's First Law
An object will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by a resultant external force.
Newton's Second Law
The rate of change of momentum of a body is directly proportional to the resultant force acting on it. Formula: F = \frac{\Delta p}{\Delta t}.
Newton's Third Law
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Pressure
The force acting per unit area, measured in Pascal (Pa). Formula: P = \frac{F}{A}.
Energy
The ability to do work or cause change, measured in Joules (J).
Kinetic Energy
Energy due to motion, calculated as KE = \frac{1}{2}mv^{2}.
Potential Energy
Energy due to position in a gravitational field, calculated as PE = mgh.
Wave
A disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another without transferring matter. Wave speed formula: v = f\lambda.
Electromagnetic Spectrum
The complete range of electromagnetic waves arranged in order of wavelength or frequency.
Static Electricity
The build-up of electric charge on insulating materials and remain stationary.
Electric Current
The flow of electric charge through a conductor, measured in Amperes (A). Formula: I = \frac{Q}{t}.
Resistance
The opposition to current flow, measured in Ohms (\Omega). Formula: R = \frac{V}{I}.
Electromagnetic Induction
The production of an induced e.m.f. in a conductor when it experiences a changing magnetic field.
Radioactivity
The spontaneous and random emission of radiation from unstable atomic nuclei.
Half-Life
The time taken for half the radioactive nuclei in a sample to decay.
Induced Current
Current that flows due to induced e.m.f. if the circuit is complete.
Electromagnet
A soft iron core inside a solenoid that becomes