Cardio Patho

Aneurysm

• An _____ is a weakening of an arterial wall that results in a bulge or balloon-like appearance.

• A rupture of this bulge is potentially fatal.

• They are most commonly associated with cerebral arteries and the abdominal aorta.

• Asymptomatic

Aortic Abdominal Aneurysm

• often form with minimal symptoms and are easily diagnosed with an ultrasound.

• The average age for diagnosis is between 65 to 70.

• The risk of rupture begins at 5cm and they can swell to over 15 cm in diameter.

Congestive Heart Failure

• refers to a condition or conditions that result in a decrease in cardiac output.

• For people over 65, it is the leading cause for hospitalization.

• Victims commonly suffer from dyspnea after even mild physical activity.

Situs Inversus

is a very rare congenital condition where all of the organs in the body are transposed to the opposite side.

olt has an unknown etiology.

Dextrocardia

also a congenital defect where the heart is transposed to the opposite side of the body within the thorax.

Elephantiasis

• is a thickening of the skin and underlying tissue of the legs and genitalia in the form of a hydrocele.

• It is usually caused by a parasitic roundworms that block the lymphatic system.

• It can, however, also be caused by a persistent contact with volcanic ash.

Tetralogy Of Fallot

• Boot shape

• is a very rare congenital heart defect that presents at birth.

• As the name indicates, it consists of the following 4 defects:

1. Pulmonary Stenosis

2. Right Ventricular Hypertrophy

3. Ventricular Septal Defect

4. Overriding Aorta

Pulmonary Stenosis

• The narrowing of the pulmonary valve restricts the flow of blood into the pulmonary arteries.

• This causes the heart to have to pump harder and it leads to hypertension.

Ventricular Septal Defect

This is a hole that is located between the ventricles.

olt allows oxygenated blood to flow from the left ventricle to the right ventricle instead of into the aorta and the rest of the body.

•As a result, the body is being deprived of oxygenated blood and the newborn becomes cyanotic (blue).

Ventricular Septal Defect

This is a hole that is located between the ventricles.

olt allows oxygenated blood to flow from the left ventricle to the right ventricle instead of into the aorta and the rest of the body.

•As a result, the body is being deprived of oxygenated blood and the newborn becomes cyanotic (blue).

Overriding aorta

• defective aorta causes deoxygenated blood to flow directly into the aorta and bypass the lungs.

• Once again, the body is deprived of oxygenated blood