ap gov - federalism and polls

what is a census?

official count of a population every 10 years

what is a census used for?

- determine how many representatives each state should have in the house of reps

- understanding demographic changes

3 largest influences in political socialization

family, school, media

what is an exit poll?

survey conducted on voters immediately after they cast their ballots

what is the gender gap?

the difference of men and women's perception of politics and voting styles

what is the fastest growing minority group?

hispanics

what is random sampling?

every person in a population has an equal chance/probability at being selected for an interview

the more accurate a poll is, the smaller its ______ __ _____?

margin of error

Which part of the political spectrum do most people lean?

left

types of political participation

- voting

- protests

- campaigns

- petitions

what is the minority majority?

- white people become will become the minority due to influx of immigrants (non-hispanic whites) in united states

what is the melting pot?

- a mixture of people with different cultures and ideas that blend into one culture (ex. pineapple on pizza)

which region has lost the most representation from reapportionment?

northeast

which region has gained the most representation from reapportionment?

south

the idea that federal and state governments are supreme in their own areas is ____ __________?

dual federalism

what has been happening to the involvement of the federal government to the country overall?

increasing

what is reapportionment?

the redistribution of house seats based on population changes

how many seats are in the house?

435

most americans see themselves as which part of the political spectrum?

moderate

how informed are americans about geography and politics as compared to the rest of the world?

not very informed

who's more likely to vote? older or younger?

older

who's more likely to vote? educated or uneducated?

educated

who's more likely to vote in recent elections? men or women?

women

what has happened to american's trust in the government over time?

decreasing

what is political socialization?

the process by which political knowledge and beliefs are passed onto the next generation

which political party does the gender gap tend to favor?

democrats

where in the political spectrum do most democrats identify themselves?

left

where in the political spectrum do most republicans identify themselves?

right

which part of the political spectrum wants less government involvement in society?

right

last color in the political spectrum?

violet

how do politicians use polls in policy making?

figure out strategies to persuade the public to support their preferred policies

when people choose new sources that confirm their biases this is known as?

- confirmation bias

- echo chamber

what kind of federalism is described as sharing responsibility between state and federal government?

cooperative federalism

what is federalism?

system of shared powers between 2 or more levels of government, federal and state governments

define dual federalism?

federal government and state government are supreme in their own areas

what is an example of dual federalism?

federal government = military, state government = elections

define cooperative federalism?

shared responsibility between state and federal government

what is an example of cooperative federalism?

the federal government can send grants to states for state projects

what is the opposite of a federal government?

unitary government (all power resides in the central government)

what is the transfer of power from the federal government to state and local governments called?

devolution

what is a confederation?

all power is held by the states

what was the first form of government in the united states?

confederation

what's a federal government?

a national/central government

what's the supremacy clause?

the constitution, federal laws, and treaties and more powerful than state laws

what are powers granted to the federal government?

- impose taxes

- regulate commerce

- coin money

- treaties w/ foreign countries

- declare war

what are powers shared by federal and state governments?

concurrent powers, taxation and education

what are powers denied to the federal government?

- can't make ex post facto laws

- bill of attainder

- violate writ of habeas corpus

- can't divide a state against its will

what are powers denied to the states?

- can't coin money

- can't declare war

- can't regulate interstate commerce

what are implied powers?

powers that are not directly stated in the constitution but can be understood to be granted

what are enumerated powers?

powers specifically stated in the constitution

what is a grant?

money that the federal government gives to state/local governments that they don't have to pay back

what kind of grant is based on a set number of quotas?

formula grant

what is a mandate?

directives from federal government to lower government

what is fiscal federalism?

grants in aid from federal government to state government

community presenting goal of building a library is what grant

project grant

money given to the states to build highways and other things like that (infrastructure) is what grant

categorical grant

what court case established federal control over interstate commerce

gibbons v. odgen

which power allowed the federal government to example its influence most in relation to the states

commerce clause

process of moving a person accused of a crime from another state to state where committed to face the charges

extradition

10th amendment states that powers not in the constitutions belongs to who

the states or people

what clause allows congress to make laws "necessary and proper":

elastic clause, article 1 section 8

recognizing gay marriage in other states is what part of constitution

full faith and credit

preventing states from treating citizens of other states differently

privileges and immunities

what court case established supremacy

mcculloch v. maryland