AP Lang Age of Faith Unit Exam Galbreath

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41 Terms

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jeremiad
- Patterns found in sermons, conversion narratives, captivity, poetry
-Balance of hope and fear
-Rhetoric of social control
- linked to notion of providential history
-Participants must conform, not question, in order to get redemption.
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age of faith
- at the very beginning of America, made way for the rest of American literature
- puritans dominated
- puritan/Quaker conflict
- 1607-1800
- Read the bible literally
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Puritains
- groups separated from eng. church
- believed rulers and christians had tainted christianity
- large partition of american immigrants
- believed only a few, select people would be saved by God
- wrote and signed mayflower compact
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typology
the interpretation of events in the old testament as prefiguring events in the new testament
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puritain typology
events in bible prefigure events in their lives
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John Winthrop
- Gov of Mass Bay Colony (Reappears in SL)
- puritan
- Believed in the creation of a perfect society based on biblical tradition (theocracy)
- Gov. of mass. Bay colony
- Believed they were the chosen people
- Believed in the Deuteronomic code
- gives "model of Christian Charity" Sermon
- Lays out the Puritan mission
- Lays out the rules: absolute unity, conformity, and Deuteronomic code and providential history
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"A Model of Christian Charity"
- John Winthrope's sermon (1630).
- given aboard the Arbella
- manipulating community to be centered around God
- sermon as well as jerimiad
- main themes: exceptionalism, unity
- He wanted his people to have a new covenant with God where everything was very strict.
- "City upon a hill"
- pep talk
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"city upon a hill"
- motivated to be a community of example
- a theocracy
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Deuteronomic Code
A collection of Laws that make up most of the book of Deuteronomy.
- if you keep the covenant then God will have your back and things will go well; if you do not keep the covenant, then god will allow (or cause) terrible, horrible things to happen to you.
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Theocracy
A government controlled by religious beliefs
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Providential History
God determines the course of history
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Johnathan Edwards
- Born in connecticut
- Yale
- President of Princeton
- Puritan
- dismissed from congregation bec he wanted stricter qualifications for sacramentals
- Great Awakening (Congregations had become too self-satisfied; extremism)
- his focus: sovereignty of God; depravity of human kind; reality of hell; necessity of new birth or conversion (conversion narratives)
- "Sinners in the hands of an angry god"
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"Sinners in the hands of an angry god"
- Edwards
- sermon
- example of a jeremiad: balance of hope and fear
- warning
- wanted to embrace the idea to stop complacency
- Aimed at conversion
- Sovereignty of God
- Depravity of human
- Reality of Hell
- Necessity of conversion
- Analogies
- Repetition
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John Smith
- Ran away to become a sailor at 13 but stopped by father
- Created first american colony in Jamestown
- Captive by native americans
- Made alliance w indians
- "Hero of the colony" referred to himself
- Pocahontas saved him
- "...Letter to Queen Anne"
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"Smith Letter to Queen Anne"
- explains how pocahontas saved him
- hopes to persuade queen to accept her^
- flatters queen to persuade her (pathos)
- juxtaposition, contradicts everything he says
- written to encourage queen to treat P well
- bias
- 1st line appeals to ethos
- shows how pocahontas has accommodated to english culture
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Edward Taylor
- 1642 - 1729
- schoolteacher in England
- didn't sign act of conformity in 1662, couldn't practice faith or teach
- in america, went to harvard
- moved to mass.
- preacher, teacher, physician
- demanded none of his work be published
- imagery in writing was influenced by the farm he grew up on
- Considers himself to be a sinner and not worthy of God's grace
- Confessional poetic style conflicts with puritan views
- "huswifery"
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"Huswifery"
- "Housekeeping"
- genre: religious
- extended metaphor: spinning wheel
- god's word = distaff (guide him)
- sould = holy spool
- Conversation = God's reel
- Fulling Mills: Jeremiad structure
- Shift in line 9
- "Beat the sin out of you"
- relates religion + theme of desperation
- plain style
- come in ugly, get beat up, come out shiny
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Anne Bradstreet
- Married husband (25) at 16
- Sailed w John Winthrop to America
- 8 children
- Strongly influenced by french poets
- Feelings
- Very educated
- Considered an early feminist
- resented leaving
- often doubted puritan faith
- "the prolouge"
- "the author to her book"
- usually wrote ab immense love for hubby
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"the prologue"
- Women's place in society
- Tone: self-effacing? ModestyLast line of each stanza
- Muse is flawed 16
- Her appropriate role in society 26
- Shift ln 42
- juxtaposition
- brings attention to society issues
-
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"The Author to Her Book"
- Extended metaphor - child
- Disdain for the child: 9-10
- Inability to fix: 11-13
- Warning: final lines
- negative connotation
- loves her book like a child, but is very judgmental
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"On Being Brought from Africa to America"
- Mercy brought her to Christian country
- Wary of those that preach Christianity but don't practice it
- Race is not a component that determines salvation
- Biblical allusion --> Cain
- Personal view of salvation
- Color imagery
- genre: poem
- themes of salvation and racial equality
- had a chance to be saved despite skin color
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Philis Wheatley
- first african american and 2nd woman to publish a book of poetry
- educated by the wheatlys when they found out she could read and write
- devout christians
- made correspondence to liberty and human rights
- wrote letters w/ ideals of liberty + freedom
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To My Dear and Loving Husband
- Her love has more value than their love
- Lots of hyperbole
- They will be together in heaven
- It is beyond earthly things- Anaphora
- "If ever... if ever... and ever..."
- Paradox
- "when we live no more we may live forever"- Iambic pentameter
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Captivity Narrative
- Single individual (usually a woman) stands passively under the strokes of evil (often represented by Native Americans) awaiting rescue by the grace of God
- Separation: attack and capture
- Torment: Ordeals of physical and mental suffering
- Transformation: accommodation and adoption Captive has to meet and reject the temptation of Indian marriage
- Redemption
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Mary Rowlandson
- community attacked by a group of indians and 24 were captured
- captured and experienced many hardships
- freed for randsom by hubby
- influenced by native tensions and puritain dominance
- believed Natives were agents of satan
- wrote her narrative to portray experience on a spiritual level
- "captivity narrative"
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Captivity Narratives Spiritual Implications
- Sufferer represents the whole body of the Puritan society
- Temporary bondage is a dual paradigm --> Bondage of the soul to the flesh (sin) and Self exile of "English" Israelites from England (Typology)
- Captive's ultimate redemption by the grace of God and efforts of the Puritan Magistrates = Regeneration of the soul in conversion
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"captivity narrative"
- Rowlandson was set on choosing death if she was ever captured, but she chnaged her mind last minute
- wounded child was carried on dead horse
- natives begin to show her kindness
- divine intervention --> sister asks god to die w/ her kids, then she is killed right after
- deutoronomic code
- fulling mills
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William Penn
- 1644-1718
- Born anglocan >> converted to quaker
- Founded Pennsylvania
- Built friendly relations with the indians
- Promotes pennsylvania to english and people came
- received land from king charles as a pay off for father
- main motivation was to have a religiously free colony
- "letter to free society of traders"
- "letter to the indians"
- positive diction
- good at paying attention to audience (fullfilling their wants and needs)
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"Letter to the Indians"
- genre: religious epistilary
- appeals to ethos: shows how he respects hears and feels for them
- talks about having the same gods, so they should live in harmony
- trying to convince indians to be friends w them
- great appeal to ethos since he needs to gain their trust
- emphasis on similarities
- wants native approval to live on their land
- positive diction
- appeal to logos
- use of triples
- Genuinely cares about the natives
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"letter to the free traders"
- genre: persuasive/ exposition epistolary
- positive outlook on Pennsylvania
- positive outlook on natives
- successful (many people immigrated after reading)
- Promotional text- author's purpose
- audience awareness: what must he do to reach his audience and accomplish his purpose?
- experienced promoter, looking for people to immigrate/ looking for capitol
- Description of the land, wildlife and natives
- Sensory description
- Metaphor / simile
- Bias: he is hopeful and wants his land to succeed
- Anecdotal evidence >> name dropping
- Defends the natives >> civilized
- If you don't want to play nice, don't come
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persuasive writing
- Ethos: ethical appeal, establishing the trustworthiness of the writer
- Pathos: getting the reader emotionally involved
- Logos: using logic and reason to convince the reader
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Puritans and quakers similarities
- a love for the use of plain style writing
- the hope of being able to freely express religious beliefs and live according to them
- the notion of a covenant/ contract by which people should live
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dystopian
writing that traces the breakdown of idealized hopes in a community
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1 of main points made by winthrop in his sermon "model"
if the people deviate from god's rues they will be punished
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the puritans so believed in the possibility of redemption for the native americans that...
the seal for the mass. bay colony contains the image of a native asking for help
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stages present in the jeremiad tradition prevalent in puritan sermons and stories
- puritans fail to keep their promises to God
- puritans realize that if they return to the original promises to god, he will come back and save them
- puritans believed they were the chosen people of god
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the puritans and quakers lived in harmony for a decade
false
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beliefs and culture of the quakers
-they were spiritually inclusive
- they were pacifists
- they believed that all humans posses the inner light of god
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another formal name for quakers
the society of friends
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the quakers had a more peaceful relationship than the
Puritans
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the legacy of america as a "city on a hill" that endures even today originates from the ... tradition
quaker