AP Lang Age of Faith Unit Exam Galbreath

jeremiad

- Patterns found in sermons, conversion narratives, captivity, poetry
-Balance of hope and fear
-Rhetoric of social control
- linked to notion of providential history
-Participants must conform, not question, in order to get redemption.

age of faith

- at the very beginning of America, made way for the rest of American literature
- puritans dominated
- puritan/Quaker conflict
- 1607-1800
- Read the bible literally

Puritains

- groups separated from eng. church
- believed rulers and christians had tainted christianity
- large partition of american immigrants
- believed only a few, select people would be saved by God
- wrote and signed mayflower compact

typology

the interpretation of events in the old testament as prefiguring events in the new testament

puritain typology

events in bible prefigure events in their lives

John Winthrop

- Gov of Mass Bay Colony (Reappears in SL)
- puritan
- Believed in the creation of a perfect society based on biblical tradition (theocracy)
- Gov. of mass. Bay colony
- Believed they were the chosen people
- Believed in the Deuteronomic code
- gives "model of Christian Charity" Sermon
- Lays out the Puritan mission
- Lays out the rules: absolute unity, conformity, and Deuteronomic code and providential history

"A Model of Christian Charity"

- John Winthrope's sermon (1630).
- given aboard the Arbella
- manipulating community to be centered around God
- sermon as well as jerimiad
- main themes: exceptionalism, unity
- He wanted his people to have a new covenant with God where everything was very strict.
- "City upon a hill"
- pep talk

"city upon a hill"

- motivated to be a community of example
- a theocracy

Deuteronomic Code

A collection of Laws that make up most of the book of Deuteronomy.
- if you keep the covenant then God will have your back and things will go well; if you do not keep the covenant, then god will allow (or cause) terrible, horrible things to happen to you.

Theocracy

A government controlled by religious beliefs

Providential History

God determines the course of history

Johnathan Edwards

- Born in connecticut
- Yale
- President of Princeton
- Puritan
- dismissed from congregation bec he wanted stricter qualifications for sacramentals
- Great Awakening (Congregations had become too self-satisfied; extremism)
- his focus: sovereignty of God; depravity of human kind; reality of hell; necessity of new birth or conversion (conversion narratives)
- "Sinners in the hands of an angry god"

"Sinners in the hands of an angry god"

- Edwards
- sermon
- example of a jeremiad: balance of hope and fear
- warning
- wanted to embrace the idea to stop complacency
- Aimed at conversion
- Sovereignty of God
- Depravity of human
- Reality of Hell
- Necessity of conversion
- Analogies
- Repetition

John Smith

- Ran away to become a sailor at 13 but stopped by father
- Created first american colony in Jamestown
- Captive by native americans
- Made alliance w indians
- "Hero of the colony" referred to himself
- Pocahontas saved him
- "...Letter to Queen Anne"

"Smith Letter to Queen Anne"

- explains how pocahontas saved him
- hopes to persuade queen to accept her^
- flatters queen to persuade her (pathos)
- juxtaposition, contradicts everything he says
- written to encourage queen to treat P well
- bias
- 1st line appeals to ethos
- shows how pocahontas has accommodated to english culture

Edward Taylor

- 1642 - 1729
- schoolteacher in England
- didn't sign act of conformity in 1662, couldn't practice faith or teach
- in america, went to harvard
- moved to mass.
- preacher, teacher, physician
- demanded none of his work be published
- imagery in writing was influenced by the farm he grew up on
- Considers himself to be a sinner and not worthy of God's grace
- Confessional poetic style conflicts with puritan views
- "huswifery"

"Huswifery"

- "Housekeeping"
- genre: religious
- extended metaphor: spinning wheel
- god's word = distaff (guide him)
- sould = holy spool
- Conversation = God's reel
- Fulling Mills: Jeremiad structure
- Shift in line 9
- "Beat the sin out of you"
- relates religion + theme of desperation
- plain style
- come in ugly, get beat up, come out shiny

Anne Bradstreet

- Married husband (25) at 16
- Sailed w John Winthrop to America
- 8 children
- Strongly influenced by french poets
- Feelings
- Very educated
- Considered an early feminist
- resented leaving
- often doubted puritan faith
- "the prolouge"
- "the author to her book"
- usually wrote ab immense love for hubby

"the prologue"

- Women's place in society
- Tone: self-effacing? ModestyLast line of each stanza
- Muse is flawed 16
- Her appropriate role in society 26
- Shift ln 42
- juxtaposition
- brings attention to society issues
-

"The Author to Her Book"

- Extended metaphor - child
- Disdain for the child: 9-10
- Inability to fix: 11-13
- Warning: final lines
- negative connotation
- loves her book like a child, but is very judgmental

"On Being Brought from Africa to America"

- Mercy brought her to Christian country
- Wary of those that preach Christianity but don't practice it
- Race is not a component that determines salvation
- Biblical allusion --> Cain
- Personal view of salvation
- Color imagery
- genre: poem
- themes of salvation and racial equality
- had a chance to be saved despite skin color

Philis Wheatley

- first african american and 2nd woman to publish a book of poetry
- educated by the wheatlys when they found out she could read and write
- devout christians
- made correspondence to liberty and human rights
- wrote letters w/ ideals of liberty + freedom

To My Dear and Loving Husband

- Her love has more value than their love
- Lots of hyperbole
- They will be together in heaven
- It is beyond earthly things- Anaphora
- "If ever... if ever... and ever..."
- Paradox
- "when we live no more we may live forever"- Iambic pentameter

Captivity Narrative

- Single individual (usually a woman) stands passively under the strokes of evil (often represented by Native Americans) awaiting rescue by the grace of God
- Separation: attack and capture
- Torment: Ordeals of physical and mental suffering
- Transformation: accommodation and adoption Captive has to meet and reject the temptation of Indian marriage
- Redemption

Mary Rowlandson

- community attacked by a group of indians and 24 were captured
- captured and experienced many hardships
- freed for randsom by hubby
- influenced by native tensions and puritain dominance
- believed Natives were agents of satan
- wrote her narrative to portray experience on a spiritual level
- "captivity narrative"

Captivity Narratives Spiritual Implications

- Sufferer represents the whole body of the Puritan society
- Temporary bondage is a dual paradigm --> Bondage of the soul to the flesh (sin) and Self exile of "English" Israelites from England (Typology)
- Captive's ultimate redemption by the grace of God and efforts of the Puritan Magistrates = Regeneration of the soul in conversion

"captivity narrative"

- Rowlandson was set on choosing death if she was ever captured, but she chnaged her mind last minute
- wounded child was carried on dead horse
- natives begin to show her kindness
- divine intervention --> sister asks god to die w/ her kids, then she is killed right after
- deutoronomic code
- fulling mills

William Penn

- 1644-1718
- Born anglocan >> converted to quaker
- Founded Pennsylvania
- Built friendly relations with the indians
- Promotes pennsylvania to english and people came
- received land from king charles as a pay off for father
- main motivation was to have a religiously free colony
- "letter to free society of traders"
- "letter to the indians"
- positive diction
- good at paying attention to audience (fullfilling their wants and needs)

"Letter to the Indians"

- genre: religious epistilary
- appeals to ethos: shows how he respects hears and feels for them
- talks about having the same gods, so they should live in harmony
- trying to convince indians to be friends w them
- great appeal to ethos since he needs to gain their trust
- emphasis on similarities
- wants native approval to live on their land
- positive diction
- appeal to logos
- use of triples
- Genuinely cares about the natives

"letter to the free traders"

- genre: persuasive/ exposition epistolary
- positive outlook on Pennsylvania
- positive outlook on natives
- successful (many people immigrated after reading)
- Promotional text- author's purpose
- audience awareness: what must he do to reach his audience and accomplish his purpose?
- experienced promoter, looking for people to immigrate/ looking for capitol
- Description of the land, wildlife and natives
- Sensory description
- Metaphor / simile
- Bias: he is hopeful and wants his land to succeed
- Anecdotal evidence >> name dropping
- Defends the natives >> civilized
- If you don't want to play nice, don't come

persuasive writing

- Ethos: ethical appeal, establishing the trustworthiness of the writer
- Pathos: getting the reader emotionally involved
- Logos: using logic and reason to convince the reader

Puritans and quakers similarities

- a love for the use of plain style writing
- the hope of being able to freely express religious beliefs and live according to them
- the notion of a covenant/ contract by which people should live

dystopian

writing that traces the breakdown of idealized hopes in a community

1 of main points made by winthrop in his sermon "model"

if the people deviate from god's rues they will be punished

the puritans so believed in the possibility of redemption for the native americans that...

the seal for the mass. bay colony contains the image of a native asking for help

stages present in the jeremiad tradition prevalent in puritan sermons and stories

- puritans fail to keep their promises to God
- puritans realize that if they return to the original promises to god, he will come back and save them
- puritans believed they were the chosen people of god

the puritans and quakers lived in harmony for a decade

false

beliefs and culture of the quakers

-they were spiritually inclusive
- they were pacifists
- they believed that all humans posses the inner light of god

another formal name for quakers

the society of friends

the quakers had a more peaceful relationship than the

Puritans

the legacy of america as a "city on a hill" that endures even today originates from the ... tradition

quaker