Coordination and response

studied byStudied by 0 people
0.0(0)
Get a hint
Hint

What is homeostatis

1 / 45

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.

46 Terms

1

What is homeostatis

The maintenance of a constant internal environment

New cards
2

What is a stimulus

A change in the environment

New cards
3

What are auxins

Plant growth hormones

New cards
4

What is a tropism

A plant's response to a directional stimulus

New cards
5

List different types of tropism

- Phototropism - plant's response to light
- Geotropism - plant's response to gravity

New cards
6

Describe the roots and shoots response to light

- Roots - negative phototropism
- Shoots - positive phototropism

New cards
7

What is a coleoptile

- Simple plants used to investigate tropism
- Cereal seedling

New cards
8

What is a clinostat?

Apparatus used to remove the effect gravity/light/water

New cards
9

Describe how a stem may bend towards the light

- Auxins concentrate on the side furthest from the light
- Causes cell elongation
- Stem bends towards light

<p>- Auxins concentrate on the side furthest from the light<br>- Causes cell elongation<br>- Stem bends towards light</p>
New cards
10

What are the sense organs in a human?

- Eye - receives light energy
- Ear - receives sound and kinetic energy
- Muscle - receives kinetic energy
- Tongue - receives chemical energy
- Nose - receives chemical energy
- Skin - receives kinetic and heat energy

New cards
11

What is the difference between hormonal and nervous responses?

- Nervous involves electrical impulses, hormonal involves chemicals carried in the blood
- Nervous response faster, hormonal slower
- Nervous response short-lived, hormonal long-lived
- Nervous response very localised, hormonal wide-spread

New cards
12

What is the CNS?

- Brain and spinal cord
- Linked to sense organs by nerves

New cards
13

What is the structure of a Nerve Cell?

Nucleus
Cell body
Dendrites
Myelin Sheath for insulation
Axon
Synapse

<p>Nucleus <br>Cell body<br>Dendrites<br>Myelin Sheath for insulation<br>Axon<br>Synapse</p>
New cards
14

What is the list of responses in a nervous response?

- Stimulus - receptor - sensory neurone - CNS - motor neurone - effector - response
- Involves electrical impulses and synapses

New cards
15

What is the list of responses in a reflex action?

- Stimulus - receptor - sensory neurone - relay neurone - motor neurone - effector - response
- Involves electrical impulses and synapses
- e.g. withdrawal of finger from hot object

<p>- Stimulus - receptor - sensory neurone - relay neurone - motor neurone - effector - response<br>- Involves electrical impulses and synapses<br>- e.g. withdrawal of finger from hot object</p>
New cards
16

What is a synapse?

- formed when the dendrites of two neurones meet

New cards
17

How is a reflex action different to a regular response?

Reflex action is faster, involuntary, and involves relay neurone

New cards
18

What is an effector?

- Muscle (contracts) or a gland (secretes a hormone)

New cards
19

What is the role of the chornoid?

stops light being refracted inside the eye

<p>stops light being refracted inside the eye</p>
New cards
20

What's the role of the cornea?

refracts light

<p>refracts light</p>
New cards
21

What's the role of the lens?

refracts light

New cards
22

What's the role of the conjuctiva?

Protects eye

New cards
23

What's the role of the sclera?

tough outer casing, protects the eye

New cards
24

What's the role of the retina?

contains photoreceptors (rods (dim light) and cones (detect colour)) which are sensitive to light

New cards
25

What's the role of the iris?

contains radial and circular muscles which control the size of the pupil

New cards
26

What's the role of the pupil?

allows light to enter the eye

New cards
27

What's the role of the suspensory ligament and cilicary muscles?

- control the shape of the lens

New cards
28

What's the role of the optic nerve?

- takes electrical impulses from the eye to the brain

New cards
29

What's the role of the blind spot?

where the the optic nerve enters the eye

New cards
30

What is accommodation?

- Changes that take place within the eye
- Enable us to focus on objects at different distances

New cards
31

How does the eye focus on a nearby object?

- Ciliary muscle contracts
- Suspensory ligaments slacken
- Lens fat
- Light refracted strongly

New cards
32

How does the eye focus on a faraway object?

- Ciliary muscle relax
- Suspensory ligaments taut
- Lens thin
- Light refracted less strongly

New cards
33

How does the pupil constrict in bright light and why is this necessary?

- Circular muscles contract
- Radial muscles relax
- Pupil constricts
- Protects the retina from the bright light

New cards
34

How does the pupil dilate in dim light and why is this necessary?

- Circular muscles relax
- Radial muscles contract
- Pupil dilates
- Allows more light to enter the eye

New cards
35

What is the role of the skin?

- Sense organ for pain, touch and pressure
- Tough outer layer
- Controls heat loss
- Barrier - prevents entry of pathogens
- Prevents water loss

<p>- Sense organ for pain, touch and pressure<br>- Tough outer layer<br>- Controls heat loss<br>- Barrier - prevents entry of pathogens<br>- Prevents water loss</p>
New cards
36

Explain what happens when your body temperature is too high

- Hair erector muscles relax
- Hairs lay flat
- Less insulating air trapped close to the body
- Vasodilation (arterioles dilate)
- Blood flows closer to skin surface
- More heat radiated
- Sweat evaporates and cools the body

New cards
37

Explain what happens when your body temperature is too low

- Hair erector muscles contract
- Hairs stand up
- More insulating air trapped close to the body
- Vasoconstriction (arterioles constrict)
- Less blood flows to surface of skin
- Less heat radiated
- Shiver - contraction of muscle releases heat

New cards
38

Where is adrenaline produced?

Adrenal gland

New cards
39

What is the effect of adrenaline on the body?

- Prepares the body for 'flight or fight'
- Pupils dilate - allows more light to enter the eye
- Hairs stand up on end - to appear more intimidating
- Breathing rate increases - to allow more oxygen into the body
- Heart rate increases - to deliver more oxygen around the body
- Blood diverted from gut to muscles

New cards
40

How is blood sugar level decreased?

- Pancreas secretes insulin
- Insulin converts soluble glucose into insoluble glycogen

New cards
41

Where is testosterone made and what is its function?

- Testes
- Stimulate secondary sexual characteristics e.g. voice deepening, sperm production, pubic hair

New cards
42

Where is oestrogen made and what is its function?

- Ovaries
- Stimulates secondary sexual characteristics e.g. hips widening, breast growth, pubic hair
- Repairs uterus lining
- Inhibits FSH production, stimulates LH production

New cards
43

Where is progesterone made and what is its function?

- Initially corpus luteum, later in pregnancy the placenta
- Maintains uterus lining

New cards
44

what is the synaptic cleft

a small gap between neurones

  • electricity cannot travel in air, so the impulses are converted temporarily into chemical signals

New cards
45

how do neurotransmitters work

1) the electrical impulse travels along the axon

2) vesicles fuse with the pre-synaptic membrane, the neurotransmitters fuse into the synaptic cleft

3) neurotransmitters diffuse- passive process along a concentration gradient- across synaptic cleft

4) neurotransmitters attach to receptors on the post synaptic membrane

5) triggers an impulse that travels along the post synaptic neurone

6) neurotransmitters destroyed to prevent continued stimulation of second neurone

New cards
46

how do drugs impact the nervous system?

  • binds to neurotransmitter receptors triggering impulses in different regions of the brain

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 29 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 7 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 233 people
... ago
4.9(8)
note Note
studied byStudied by 15 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 7 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 5 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 64 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 180 people
... ago
5.0(1)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (33)
studied byStudied by 15 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (38)
studied byStudied by 18 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (114)
studied byStudied by 25 people
... ago
4.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (80)
studied byStudied by 18 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (24)
studied byStudied by 13 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (20)
studied byStudied by 2 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (129)
studied byStudied by 16 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (139)
studied byStudied by 1 person
... ago
5.0(1)
robot