Studied by 9 people
vocab quiz on 03/10/25
Collectivism
a cultural pattern that prioritizes the goals of important groups (often one’s extended family or work group)
Motivation
a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
Instinct
a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned
Physiological need
a basic bodily requirement
Drive-reduction theory
the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
Homeostasis
a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level
Incentive
a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior
Yerks-Dodson Law
the priniciple that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases
Affiliation need
the need to build and maintain relationships to feel part of a group
Self-determination theory
the theory that we feel motivated to satisfy our needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness
Extrinsic motivation
the desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment
Ostracism
deliberate social exclusion of racial groups
Achievement motivation
a desire for significant accomplishment, for mastery of skills or ideas, for control, and for attaining a high standard
Grit
in psychology, passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals
Glucose
the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for the body tissues. when its level is low, we feel hunger
Set point
the point at which the “weight-thermostat” may be set. when the body falls below this weight, increased hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may combine to restore lost weight
Basal metabolic rate
the body’s resting rate of energy output
Obesity
defined as a body mass index (BMI) measurement of 30 or higher, which is calculated from our weight-to-height ratio (individuals who are overweight have a BMI of 25 or higher)
Emotion
a response of the whole organism, involving (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors, and, most importantly, (3) conscious experience resulting from one’s interpretation
Polygraph
a machine used in an attempt to detect lies; measures emotion-linked changes in perspiration, heart rate, and breathing
Facial feedback effect
the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness
Behavior feedback effect
the tendency of behavior to influence our own and others’ thoughts, feelings, and actions
