AP world 6.5

Opium

• important raw material for Great Britain

• Sold to the Chinese

Result of the 1st opium wars on china

Chinese lost a lot of trading independence

Describe the shift that took place after industrialization

Influence and power of raw materials sifted from Asia and Latin america to places like Britain, the US, Japan, and France

Economic imperialism

Foreign businesses have great economics power/influence

What resources were exploited?

People, raw materials, refined materials

The East India company was involved in what trade until it ran into opposition from the Dutch? 

Spice trade

The EIC came to dominate what world trade?

Textiles

The Dutch East India Company had a monopoly on what? 

Trade with Dutch East Indies

Describe the Culture system (make sure to use the words cash crops, culture system, corvee labor)

The culture system meant farmers had to choose between cash crops or corvee labor, compulsory unpaid work

What Chinese goods were in demand?

Porcelain, silk, tea

Why was there a trade imbalance between the British and China?

China wasn’t interested in British goods

How did the British get more profits to buy tea and other Chinese goods?

The EIC forced Indians to grow opium.

Describe the events of the first opium war

• The EIC sold opium to china in exchange for silver, getting many addicted to it

  • The chinese emperor criminalized its use in 1792 with no effect

  • The chinese objection to opium led to the first opium war

    • The chinese seized he british warehouse for opium in Canton

    • British warships destroyed the chinese blockade that kept ships from Canton

    • The british captured canton and finally capture Nanking

The treaty of Nanking resulted in

1.  China being forced to open up 4 more posts to foreigners

2.  Cede hong kong to britain

3.  Forced the chinese to pay damages

4.  Forced them to allow free trade

What caused the 2nd opium war

• The treaty of Nanking didn’t satisfy Britain or China

  • Britain wanted opium legalized

  • China were unhappy about their exploitation

    • Chinese officers boarded a british trading ship, lowered the flag, and arrested some chinese officers in 1856 

The treaty of Tientsin resulted in

1.  Allowed foreign envoys to reside in Beijing

2.  Opened more new ports to western trade

3.  Allowed the free movement of christian missionaries

4.  Opium was legalized

5.  China ceded the southern portion of the Kowloon peninsula

Which countries wanted to be included in Chinese trade?

Japan, France, Germany, Russia , US

Spheres of influence

Areas where foreign countries had trading rights

What is the US proposed Open Door Policy?

A system of trade in which China was open to all countries equally to prevent total control by one power

What caused the unequal trade structure in Africa, and what was its effect? 

The land originally meant for growing food was converted to cash crop production after colonization. The colonies were now economically dependent on foreign powers.

Why were Africans vulnerable during times of brought?

They now relied on a single cash crop

Why did food shortages begin to arise in Africa?

Food production declined as cash crops took priority

Where did cotton become a cash crop at this time? 

Sudan

Uganda

Kenya

In Kenya, native people were moved off of their land so white settlers could farm cash-crops. What were African farmers forbidden to do? 

Participate in the growing or exportation of cash crops

What was the major cash crop of the Gold Coast?

Cocoa

Even after the British outlawed slavery, which colonial power continued to capture and trade slaves?

France

Slave labor was used to make many cash crops, especially which three?

Oil palms, coffee, cocoa

Redraw the table

Europe and the US were looking for  the following three things in Latin America

• raw materials

• low wage labor

• new markets

The US was heavily invested in

Mexico and Cuba

US investment supported infrastructure and industry in Latin America, especially

• railways

• shipping

• emerging banking and financial sectors

Great Britain invested more money in ______ than its own colony of India. What did they do?

• Argentina

• Improved breeding stock, developed large scale farming through pampas

• Financed infrastructure and building (telegraph and railroads)

• Built a new port for trade called Port Puerto Madera

Chile’s economic development was initially dependent on

Export of agricultural produce

The wealth of Chile brought about

• dependency on Spain

• tensions among neighboring states

What was the dominant export of Chile?

Copper

Why did the Rubber industry decline in Brazil?

Rubber was grown in malaysia at a lower cost

What did this shift show?

Trade was organized to benefit companies in Britain and the US

How did companies like the United Fruit Company pressure governments (and why)?

It allied with large landowners to maintain favorable conditions for the US

Banana Republic

Small, central American countries under the economic power of foreign companies

• they were politically unstable and relied on the exportation of limited resources like minerals and bananas

What was the result of Economic Imperialism in Hawaii?

Hawaii overthrew the constitutional monarchy, hoping to be annexed by the US. It was declared US territory in 1898.