Study Guide #2 - terms

Pax Romana

A period of stability and relative peace in the Roman Empire (27 BC-AD 180) allowing for the spread of Christianity.

Pentecost

A Jewish festival where the Holy Spirit descended on Jesus' disciples, empowering them to speak in tongues and spread the gospel.

Tongues

The miraculous ability to speak in different languages or the spiritual gift of speaking in unknown languages.

The Way

An early name for the Christian movement, emphasizing a distinct way of life and faith in Jesus.

Antioch

A major city in Syria where followers of Jesus were first called 'Christians' and a center for early missionary work.

Gallio Inscription

An archaeological find that dates Paul's ministry and refers to a Roman proconsul who dismissed charges against Paul.

Herod Agrippa I

Grandson of Herod the Great who ruled Judea and persecuted Christians, ordering the execution of James.

Herod Agrippa II

Son of Herod Agrippa I who listened to Paul's defense but did not convert to Christianity.

Justification

The theological concept of being declared righteous before God through faith in Jesus, not by works.

Sanctification

The process of a believer growing in holiness and becoming more like Christ through the work of the Holy Spirit.

Substitutionary Atonement Theory

The belief that Jesus died in place of sinners to satisfy God's justice.

Moral Influence Theory

The idea that Jesus' life and death serve primarily as a moral example to inspire righteous living.

Ransom Theory

A view of atonement that sees Jesus' death as a ransom paid to free humanity from sin and Satan.

Gnosticism

A heretical belief system emphasizing secret knowledge and often denying Jesus' humanity.

Bishop

A leader in the early Christian church overseeing multiple congregations and ensuring correct teaching.