CH 11 - Anxiety and Obsessive Compulsive Disorders

What of the following is not true of anxiety disorders?

While prevalent in adults, they are relatively rare in children

The ___ mobilizes the body for action in a fight/flight situation

sympathetic nervous system

When activated, the sympathetic nervous system causes the release of ___ from glands on the kidney

adrenaline

___ is an immediate alarm reaction to current danger or life-threatening emergencies

Fear

___ is characterized by feelings of apprehension and lack of control over upcoming events that might be threatening

Anxiety

___ is a group of physical symptoms of the fight/flight response that unexpectedly occur in the absence of any obvious threat or danger

Panic

___ fears increase with age

Social

The fear of death is common among children aged ___

4 to 5

The fear of separation from parent(s) is common among children aged ___

1 to 5

Children with anxiety disorders can be distinguished from children without anxiety disorders because they experience ___

fear of separation from parents at the age of 7

Ritualistic behavior is ___ in young children

common

Anxiety disorders in the DSM 5 are divided into categories that reflect ___

varieties of reaction and avoidance

When would an absence of separation anxiety suggest an insecure attachment?

At 7 months of age

One of the most common anxiety disorders of childhood is ___

separation anxiety disorder (SAD)

The anxiety disorder with the earliest age of onset is ___

separation anxiety disorder

The average age of onset for separation anxiety disorder is ___

7 to 8 years of age

Which of the following is not a common occurrence among children with separation anxiety disorder?

Co-occurrence of conduct disorder

Which of the following is least likely to lead to school refusal?

Difficulty with academics

Which of the following is not a DSM diagnosis?

Test anxiety disorder

For many children, fear of school is really a fear of what?

Leaving your parents

School refusal is equally common in boys and girls, and it occurs most often between the ages of ___

5 and 11

Which of the following distinguishes children with generalized anxiety disorder from those with other anxiety disorders?

They worry about minor events

To be diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder, a child must exhibit ___

an inability to control worry

The lifetime prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder is ___

2.2%

Unlike adults, children with specific phobias ___

do not recognize that their fears are extreme and unreasonable

The fact that the most common specific phobia in children is a fear of animals is believed to be due to ___

evolutionary processes

A situational specific phobia would most likely involve a fear of ___

elevators

___ is the most common secondary diagnosis for children with another anxiety disorder

Social anxiety disorder

Most social anxiety disorders first occur in ___

adolescents

Selective mutism is believed to be a type of ___

social phobia

Children who exhibit selective mutism may also have an ___

absence of anxiety

For a child whose obsession is cleanliness, the accompanying compulsion is likely to be ___

washing hands

Compulsions involving counting over and over to a certain number are frequently related to a concern about ___

harm

What is the intention of compulsions?

To reduce anxiety

The rate of obsessive-compulsive disorder in children is ___ the rate of obsessive-compulsive disorder in adults

equal to

___ influences have a greater role in early onset cases of obsessive-compulsive disorder than late onset cases of obsessive-compulsive disorder

Genetic

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a panic attack?

Can last a few days

The onset of first panic attack is often related to ___

pubertal stage

Agoraphobia can be best described as the fear of ___

having a panic attack in situations in which escape would be difficult or help unavailable

Panic attacks occur in about ___ of adolescents

15% to 20%

Children and adolescents with ___ have the lowest rates of remission for any of the anxiety disorders

panic disorder

What is one of the main features separating early onset OCD and later onset?

Individuals in early onset are more likely to be males

What percentage of children diagnosed with OCD show complete remission?

5%

Depression and ___ are most likely to be diagnosed with specific phobia

other anxiety disorders

In most cases, ___

anxiety precedes depression

In comparison to children who are anxious, children who are depressed display ___

less positive affectivity

Females are ___ than males to experience anxiety symptoms

twice as likely

Child psychopathology reflects a mix of actual child ___ and the ___ through which others view it in a child's culture

behavior; lens

The two-factor theory explains anxiety disorders as arising and persisting through a combination of ___

classical and operant conditioning

Children with a behavioral inhibition temperament may be less likely to develop a later anxiety disorder if ___

their parents set firm limits that teach them how to cope with stress

Findings from twin and adoption studies of anxiety in children and adolescents suggest that the genetic contribution for anxiety ___

decreases with age and environmental influence inreases

The brain system associated with anxiety is called ___

behavioral inhibition system

The neurotransmitter most often implicated in anxiety disorders is the ___ system

GABA-ergic

Prolonged exposure to ___ as a result of early stress or trauma may have neurotoxic effects on the developing brain

cortisol

Anxiety in children is associated with ___

needing attention

The parenting style most often associated with anxiety disorders in children is one in which parents are overly ___

controlling

In most behavioral treatments aimed at decreasing children's anxieties and fears, ___

the feared stimulus is presented

The most effective treatment of a child's phobia of riding in a car would involve which final step?

Actually riding in a car

The most effective procedure for treating most anxiety disorders is ___

cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

To date, the strongest evidence for the effectiveness of medication to treat anxiety disorders in children and adolescents is for ___

obsessive-compulsive disorder