Metabolic Medicine and Endocrinology Overview

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering important vocabulary and concepts in metabolic medicine and endocrinology as highlighted in the lecture notes.

Hypothyroidism

A clinical disorder resulting from decreased levels of T3 and T4 hormones.

Hyperthyroidism

A clinical state characterized by elevated levels of T3 and T4 hormones.

Cushing's Disease

A condition caused by an ACTH-secreting pituitary tumor that results in increased cortisol levels.

Adrenal Insufficiency

A disorder resulting in decreased production of cortisol, aldosterone, and DHEA, often due to autoimmune destruction of the adrenal glands.

Diabetes Mellitus

A metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to insufficient insulin production or response.

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

An acute metabolic complication of diabetes characterized by absolute or relative insulin deficiency, leading to high levels of ketones.

Acromegaly

A disease resulting from excess growth hormone, often due to a pituitary adenoma.

Graves' Disease

An autoimmune condition leading to hyperthyroidism, marked by antibodies to the TSH receptor.

Phaeochromocytoma

A tumor of the adrenal medulla that produces catecholamines, leading to hypertension and other symptoms.

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN)

An autosomal dominant disorder affecting various endocrine organs, classified into several types.

Hyponatraemia

A condition characterized by low serum sodium levels, which can indicate several underlying issues.

Hyperkalaemia

An electrolyte imbalance resulting in elevated potassium levels in the blood.

Hypercholesterolaemia

A condition characterized by high levels of cholesterol in the blood, leading to increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

Thyroid Storm

A life-threatening condition of hyperthyroidism precipitated by stress, surgery, or illness.

Fasting Plasma Glucose

A test to measure blood glucose levels after fasting for 8 hours, used to diagnose diabetes.

Insulin Resistance

A condition where body's cells respond poorly to insulin, increasing blood glucose levels.

Acid-Base Imbalance

A disturbance in the body's acid-base balance, which can lead to conditions like acidosis or alkalosis.