More Clin Chem Final Questions

What is the number of equivalents of the base phosphate ion with 3 negative charges?

3

Molecular weight of CuSO4 is 159.61. What is 1 mmole (milli mole) of CuSO4?

0.15961 g

If the structure of the thyroid gland is described as a butterfly, the four, tiny spots on the butterfly wings are referred to as the _____.

Parathyroid glands

Which of the following statements is true regarding reverse T3 (rT3)?
A. Formed in blood by degradation of T4
B. Physiologically active, but less than T3
C. Decreased in euthyroid sick syndrom
D. Interferes with the measurement of serum T3

A

Which of the following statements regarding thyroid hormones is true?
A. Both protein-bound and free triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) are physiologically active
B. Total T3 and T4 are influenced by the level of thyroxine-binding globulin
C. Variation in thyroxine-binding protein levels affects both free T3 and T4
D. An elevated serum total T4 and T3 is diagnostic of hyperthyroidism

B

Which statement regarding thyroid hormones is true?
A. Circulating levels of T3 and T4 are about equal
B. T3 is about 10-fold more active than T4
C. The rate of formation of monoiodotyrosine and diiodotyrosine is about equal
D. Most of the T3 present in plasma is from its direct release from thyroid storage sites

B

Given the following laboratory information, what is the most probable metabolic bone disease?
Calcium - decreased
Phosphorus - decreased
PTH - increased
Alkaline phosphatase - increased
Calcidiol - decreased or normal
Calcitriol - decreased or normal

osteomalacia

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) acts on the bone and kidney to produce three major effects: ______ in serum calcium concentrations, ______ in serum phosphorus concentrations, and ______ in the active hormonal form of vitamin D (calcitriol).

increase decrease increase

Blood sample collection time for peak drug levels:
a. Varies with the drug, depending on its rate of absorption
b. Is independent of drug formulation
c. Is independent of the route of adminstration
d. Is 30 minutes after a bolus IV injection is completed

A

If the steady-state drug level is too high, the best course of action is to
a. Decrease the dose
b. Decrease the dose interval
c. Decrease the dose and decrease the dose interval
d. Change the route of administration

A

Which statement is true regarding the volume distribution (Vd) of a drug?
a. Vd is equal to the peak blood concentration divided by the dose given
b. Vd is the theoretical volume in liters into which the drug distributes
c. The higher the Vd, the lower is the dose needed to reach the desired blood level of drug
d. The Vd is the principal determinant of the dosing interval

B

Which route of administration is associated with 100% bioavailability?
a. Sublingual
b. Intramuscular
c. Oral
d. Intravenous

D

The term pharmacokinetics refers to the:
a. Relationship between drug dose and the drug blood level
b. Concentration of drug at its sites of action
c. Relationship between blood concentration and therapeutic response
d. The relationship between blood and tissuetissue drug levels

A

What is occurring in phase I metabolism of a therapeutic drug?
a. Chemical modification such as hydrolysis
b. Elimination
c. Conjugation to a different moiety
d. First-pass metabolism

A

An individual has the following laboratory test results: increased serum calcium, decreased serum phosphorus, increased parathyroid hormone. This individual most likely has:
a. Hyperparathyroidism
b. Hypoparathyroidism
c. Hyperthyroidism
d. Renal failure

A

Why are parathyroid hormone and calcitonin considered to be antagonists of one another?
a. When parathyroid hormone puts calcium back in the blood, calcitonin works alongside it to accomplish the task
b. When parathyroid hormone puts calcium in the blood, calcitonin clears calcium out of the blood
c. Calcitonin always dictates how..
d. Parathyroid and calcitonin do not have any effect on eachother

B

Which statement regarding thyroid hormones is true?
a. Circulating levels of T3 and T4 are about equal
b. T3 is about 10-fold more active than T4
c. The rate of formation of monoiodotyrosine and diiodotyrosine is about equal
d. Most of the T3 present in plasma is from its direct release from thyroid storage sites

C

In which of the following cases is qualitative analysis of the drug is usually adequate?

To determine whether the patient has been taking amphetamines

The term pharmacodynamics is an expression of the relationship between ___________.

Drug concentration at target sites and physiological effect

The study of pharmacogenomics involves which type of testing?

Testing for single nucleotide polymorphisms known to affect drug metabolism

Select the five pharmacological parameters that determine serum drug concentration.

Liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion

For drugs with first-order elimination, which statement about drug clearance is true?

Clearance = elimination rate / serum level

The phrase "first-pass hepatic metabolism" means that ____________.

Some drug is metabolized from the portal circulation, reducing bioavailability

Which statement about steady-state drug levels is true?

Oral dosing intervals give peaks and troughs in the dose-response curve