Chemistry Exam 4

Vitamin A

Vision. Deficiencies have nyctalopia, bitot spots, keratomalacia and skin issues

Vitamin D

Maintain calcium and phosphate levels. Metabolized to 25(OH).

Vitamin D Deficiency

Osteomalacia, osteoporosis, rickets, neuromuscular dysfunction

Vitamin E

Need bile to absorb. Antioxidant. Fasting 12hr + protect from light

Vitamin E Deficiency

Hemolytic anemia, retinopathy, ataxia, fat malabsorption, cholestasis

Vitamin K

Formation of prothrombin. Decreased has fat malabsorption, bile duct obstruction

B1 Thiamine

Peripheral nerve myelination, brain function and carb pathways. 12hr fast amber vial

B1 Deficiency

Wernicke encephalopathy, beriberi

B2 Riboflavin

Catalyzes oxidation reduction reactions. 12hr fast, protect from light.

B6 (PN, PM, PL)

Enzyme reactions. 12hr fast, protect from light

B12 Cobalamin

Hematopoeisis, fatty acid metabolism and enzyme reactions. No injections for 2 weeks

B12 Deficiency

Pernicious anemia, demyelination of CNS

B9 Folate

Purine synthesis. 8hr fast, no hemolysis. Deficiency has megaloblastic anemia

B7 Biotin

Gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, fatty acid synthesis

B3 Niacin

NAD and NADP coenzymes. 4hr fast no hemolysis. Pellegra for deficiency

B5 Pantothenic acid

Growth factor, coenzyme A part

Vitamin C

All molecules that have anticorbutic properties. Antioxidant, cofactor, collagen formation, keeping iron reduced. 12hr fast, light protection, place on ice

Copper

Excess has Wilson’s disease, bloody vomiting + feces. Deficiency has anemia, zinc induced hypocuperemia and menkes syndrome

Zinc

Metalloenzymes like DNA/RNA polymerase.

Manganese Mn2+

Metalloenzymes. Increased has Parkinson’s like symptoms and liver disease

Chromium

Roles in glucose tolerance, diabetes and cardiovascular disease

Right shift

Low pH, high CO2, temperature