Disney Darwin Quiz 9

Since Aristotle, happiness has been thought of as consisting of two aspects: hedonia (pleasure) and eudaimonia (a life well lived)

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Hedonia is basically the conscious experience of positive feelings or emotions

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Hedonic and eudaemonic aspects empirically cohere together in happy people

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"The scientific study of pleasure and affect was foreshadowed by the pioneering ideas of Darwin who examined the evolution of emotions and affective expressions and suggested that these are adaptive responses to environmental situations

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"Pleasure 'liking' and displeasure reactions are prominent affective reactions in the behavior and brains of all mammals, and likely had important evolutionary functions"

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"Affective neuroscience research and sensory pleasure has revealed many networks of brain regions and neurotransmitters activated by pleasant events and states. Identification of hedonic substrates has been advanced by recognizing that pleasure or 'liking' is but one component in a larger composite psychological process of reward, which also involves 'wanting' and 'learning' components

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It is important, however, to again make a distinction between brain activity coding and causing pleasure. Neural coding is inferred in practice by measuring brain activity correlated to a pleasant stimulus, using neuroimaging techniques, or electrophysiological or neurochemical activation measures in animals. Causation is generally inferred on the basis of a change in pleasure as a consequence of a brain manipulations such as a lesion or stimulation. Coding and causation often go together for the same substrate, but they can diverge so that coding occurs alone.

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We have made substantial progress towards understanding the functional neuroanatomy of happiness

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The adrenaline response itself is not necessarily unnatural or bad. It is harmful only when it moves beyond the threshold with which the individual can cope. We enjoy thrills that give a more intense adrenaline reaction that the typical encounter with a stranger

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One important source of rewards that is particularly easy to access...are one's fantasies. Many of the reward-stimulating pathways in the brain are accessible with a bit of imagination

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Each individual is shaped not only by universal human inborn tendencies, but also by his or her particular set of genes, as well as by general culture and proximate individual environment

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Grinde agrees with Mill's greatest happiness principle that "actions are right in proportions as they tend to promote happiness; wrong as they tend to produce the revers of happiness....Darwinian happiness offers a biological perspective for this principle.

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Jerome Kern wrote "Walt Disney has made the 20th century's only important contribution to music. Disney has made use of music as language"

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Walt wrote "I cannot think of the pictorial story without thinking about the complimentary music which will fulfill it"

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Walt had formal musical training

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If it moves on wheels in Disneyland, Bob Gurr likely designed it

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What one word does Bob Gurr think both Walt and Darwin share?

curiosity