useful tips for exam 2 - ch 6 precipitation reaction -> bond types

precipitate

two aqueous salts are mixed to form a precipitate

is this a precipitation reaction? why or why not?

NaCl(aq) + AgNO₃(aq) → AgCl(s) + NaNO₃

yes

→the cation and onion were swapped to help make the product

soluble salts

salts that readily dissolve in water

insoluble salts

small quantities of salt are not observed to dissolve in water

what compounds are generally soluble?

compounds containing Na⁺, K⁺, NH₄⁺

what elements are generally soluble?

(F^-) fluorides, (Cl^-) chlorides, (Br^-) bromides, (I^-) iodides

(SO₄^2-) sulfates, (CH₃COO^-) acetates, (ClO₃^-) chlorates

(NO₃^-) nitrates, (NO₂^-) nitrites

what compounds that contain flourides are insoluble?

1) MgF₂

2) CaF₂

3) SrF₂

4) BaF₂

5) PbF₂

what are the compounds that contain chlorides that are insoluble?

1) AgCl

2) Hg₂Cl₂

what are the compounds that contain bromides that are insoluble?

1) AgBr

2) Hg₂Br

3) PbBr₂

what are the compounds that contain iodides that are insoluble?

heavy-metal iodides

what are the compounds that contain sulfates that are insoluble?

1) BaSO₄

2) PbSO₄

3) HgSO₄

what are the compounds that contain sulfates that are moderately soluble?

1) CaSO₄

2) SrSO₄

3) Ag₂SO₄

what are the compounds that contain nitrates/nitrites that are moderately soluble?

AgNO₂

what are the compounds that contain chlorides that are moderately soluble?

PbCl₂

what are the compounds that contain acetates that are moderately soluble?

AgCH₃COO

what elements are generally insoluble?

(S^2-) sulfides, (O^2-) oxides, (OH^-) hydroxides

(CO₃^2-) carbonates, (PO₄^3-) phosphates, (AsO₄3-) arsenates

what are the elements that make sulfides soluble when combined?

NH⁴⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺

what compounds that contain oxides are soluble?

Li₂O, Na₂O, K₂O, BaO

what compounds that contain hydroxides are soluble?

LiOH, NaOH, KOH, Ba(OH)₂

what compounds that contain oxides are moderately soluble?

CaO, SrO

what compounds that contain hydroxides are moderately soluble?

Ca(OH)₂, Sr(OH)₂

what elements that make carbonates, phosphates, and arsenates, soluble when combined?

NH₄⁺, Na⁺, K⁺