Integumentary System Lecture Notes

Flashcards for Integumentary System Lecture Review

What is the cutaneous membrane?

Skin, the largest organ, composed of the epidermis and dermis.

What are some accessory structures of the integumentary system?

Hair, nails, hair follicles, and sensory receptors (temperature, pain, touch, pressure).

What is the major makeup of hair?

Keratin.

What are the two types of exocrine glands in the integumentary system?

Sebaceous (oil) and sudoriferous (sweat) glands.

What is skin referred to in medical terminology?

Derma

What is hair referred to in medical terminology?

Trinco

What are nails referred to in medical terminology?

Onycho

What is the subcutaneous layer (hypodermis) made of?

Loose connective tissue (areolar and adipose) below the dermis.

What are the layers of the cutaneous membrane (skin) and their characteristics?

Epidermis: avascular, 5 layers (thick skin), 4 layers (thin skin); dermis: papillary and reticular layers.

What are the functions of the integumentary system?

Protection, excretion, thermoregulation, melanin/keratin production, vitamin D3 synthesis, lipid storage, sensory detection, immune response coordination.

What type of tissue is the epidermis?

Stratified squamous epithelial tissue, avascular.

What is the outermost epidermal layer called?

Stratum corneum.

What are keratinocytes?

Contain large amounts of keratin; the body's most abundant epithelial cells.

What is the main difference between thin and thick skin?

Thin skin has four layers of keratinocytes, thick skin has five.

What are the epidermis layers (from basement membrane to free surface)?

Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum (thick skin only), stratum corneum.

What are the two ways water is lost from the skin?

Insensible (invisible, passive) and sensible (noticeable, active via sweat glands).

What do Tactile (Meissner) corpuscles in dermal papillae detect?

Light touch.

What is EGF?

Epidermal growth factor (EGF).

What is the function of EGF?

Promotes division of basal cells.

What gives the dermis its strength and elasticity?

Collagen (strength) and elastic (recoil) fibers, and water.

What causes a contusion (bruise)?

Damage to blood vessels in the dermis.

What tissues primarily make up the hypodermis?

Adipose tissue and areolar tissue.

What are the types of melanin?

Eumelanin (brown/black) and pheomelanin (yellow/red).

What color is carotene and what is its function?

Yellow-orange color; produces vitamin A.

What causes jaundice?

Buildup of bile produced by the liver (e.g., hepatitis).

How is vitamin D3 produced?

Epidermal cells in the presence of UV radiation.

What is calcitriol?

Active form of vitamin D; increases calcium levels.

What can cause vitamin D3 deficiency?

Rickets.

What are the two types of hairs?

Terminal (heavily pigmented) and vellus (lacking pigmentation).

What are the three layers of a hair structure?

Medulla (inside), cortex (middle), cuticle (outside).

What are exocrine glands?

Sebaceous glands produce oil (sebum) with antibacterial properties. Apocrine glands in armpits/groin & eccrine glands on palms/soles/forehead.

What's the name of the skin beneath the distal free edge of the nail?

Hyponychium.

muscle that enables goosebumps (vestigial trait) ?

arrector pili muscle (asked in exam)

psoriasis and eczema?

affects epidermis (genetic and autoimmune) 

lamellar (pacinian) corpuscles in reticular layer do?

• deep pressure and vibration, found in fingers (digits/phalanges) 

Skin color is influenced by two pigments in the epidermis 

• eumelanin

• pheomelanin

melanin helps to do what?

• protects us from UV radiation 

• when there is an excess of melanin it causes

• melanoma

Hair follicles 

• produces hair and supports hair growth

  • give rise to non-living hairs 

    • located at surface of skin

• Pituitary tumor 

• symptom: hyperpigmentation  (skin gets dark)

• Addison's disease 

• symptom:  bronze skin 

• Vitiligo 

• loss of melanocytes causing loss of color 

  • symptom: white patches on skin ( depigmentation) 

• fat soluble vitamin

A, D, E and K 

• water soluble vitamin

B ,C

Sites of injections

• epidermis

Subcutaneous (goes below it)

Sites of injections

• hypodermis

intramuscular or hypodermic

(fat layer)

dermis has Two components

• outer papillary layer

• deeper reticular eye

• outer papillary layer:

• outer layer (nutrients and anchors epidemris)

• deeper reticular eye 

• deeper layer (has  hair follicles, glands and nerve endings)

  • VASCULAR