Lecture on Attributions in Sports Psychology

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to attributions in sports psychology, distinguishing factors of performance, age-related development of attributional understanding, and implications of attributions for motivation and behavior.

The 'Causal Dimension Scale 11' (CDS11) was developed to assess __ in sports attributions.

causal attributions along 4 dimensions.

Nicholls identified 4 age-related attribution development stages, with the first stage being __ where kids focus on the outcome with no understanding of attributions.

5-6 years.

In a study, kids who attributed losing to __ factors showed enhanced performance because they believed they could change their efforts.

variable (i.e., lack of effort).

'Learned helplessness' is characterized by attributions that imply that losing is __ and nothing can be done to succeed.

inevitable.

Self-efficacy (SE) is impacted by __ attributions for success and failure.

stable.

The attribution retraining (AR) for students suggested focusing on __ factors instead of uncontrollable factors to enhance their mindset and performance.

controllable.

Objective outcomes (like winning) do not always align with __ outcomes, which are shaped by an individual's interpretation of their performance.

perceived.

In sports, athletes may attribute a slump to internal, stable attributions like saying, 'I am __ enough' which leads to learned helplessness.

not good.

Attribution interventions aim to alter the impact of losing by changing the __ patterns associated with performance.

aversive attribution.

Mastery-oriented kids attribute losses to __ factors, leading them to persist despite challenges.

variable.

In studies on putting in golf, groups were classified based on their attributions: Functional Attributions, Dysfunctional Attributions, and __.

No attributions.

Attribution retraining aimed at elderly individuals focused on shifting their mindset from uncontrollable aspects like __ to effort in exercise routines.

old age.

The effective way to deliver attribution retraining is by an __ member who is an expert, as it resonates more with learners.

ingroup.

In sports performance, those attributing failure to fixed, stable factors like ability often experience __ in their motivation and performance.

deterioration.

Dweck's studies suggested that children needing __ attribution retraining could learn to frame failures in a more constructive manner.

mastery-oriented.

Attributes such as effort and controllability are important in developing a growth mindset, which emphasizes __ over inherent ability.

variable factors.

Success and failure are interpreted differently in sports; an athlete can achieve personal success despite an __ outcome like losing.

objective.

The perception of control in attributions affects motivation; controllable factors related to effort led to more __ in learning tasks.

enjoyment.

To learn effectively from failure, athletes should focus on internal, __ attributes that allow them to feel empowered and responsible for their performance.

controllable.

The 'objective outcome' of a game is the score, while 'perceived outcome' refers to how the athlete feels about their __.

performance.

Attribution retraining is crucial not just for effort but for helping individuals find __ in their learning and performance.

strategies.

The correlation between attributions and persistence in sports can be reflective of a child's __, which affects how they interpret and respond to failure.

attributional style.