Biological Macromolecules

Carbohydrates Element Composition

CHO

Carbon, Hydrogen Oxygen

Lipids (Fats) Element Composition

CHON

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

Proteins Element Composition

CHONS

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulfur

Nucleic Acids Element Composition

CHONPS

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphoros, Sulfur

Carbs Monomer Unit

Glucose/ Monosaccharide

Carbs Polymer Type

Polysaccharide

Carb Difference in Plant VS Animal

Plant: starch and cellulose

Animal: Glycogen

Lipids (Fats) primary functions

insulation and membrane structure

Lipids Examples

Oils, phospholipid, steroids

Proteins monomer unit

Amino Acid

Proteins Polymer type

polypeptide

Proteins example

Enzymes

Nucleic Acids monomer unit

Nucleotide

Nucleic Acid Polymer Type

DNA or RNA

Lipids are generally _____

Nonpolar molecules

Nucleic Acid monomers

nucleotides made up of sugar, phosphate group and nitrogenous base

Difference between DNA and RNA

DNA stores long term genetic info, while RNA uses that code to make proteins

Basic amino acid

What part of the amino acid differentiates it from another?

The SIDE CHAIN (R)

Directionality of a Protein

Carboxyl side and Amino Side

Significance of carboxyl and amino side in protein digestion

two enzymes break down the protein

4 types of Lipids

Cholesterol

Free Fatty Acid

Triglyceride

Phospholipid

Hydrocarbons in Lipids

have HUGE amount of energy making them non-polar

form the (water-fearing) tails of lipids

What is unique about phospholipids?

They have a non-polar section AND a polar section

Amphipathic

Chemical Compound that had a hydrophilic (waterloving) and hydrophobic (waterfearing) part

Saturated Fatty Acid

Solids

Straight line

Unsaturated Fatty Acid

Liquid

Doesn’t have H all the way down

Bent, because carbon chains contain double bonds

Dehydration Synthesis

Hydrolysis