Week 5 - Pediatric Musculoskeletal Conditions and Assessment (FiB)

This set of flashcards is designed to aid students in reviewing key concepts from their lecture on pediatric musculoskeletal conditions and management strategies. Each flashcard provides an opportunity to fill in critical terms or concepts related to the topic.

Normal skeletal development affects the movement system by __.

Influencing range of motion, strength, and alignment.

Early signs of musculoskeletal deformities requiring PT intervention or referral include __.

Asymmetrical movements or abnormal postures.

To evaluate pediatric posture and gait, one must apply __ principles.

Developmental and biomechanical.

Integrating knowledge of growth patterns into treatment planning is essential for __.

Family education.

Prenatal skeletal deformities may arise from __, genetic, or environmental factors.

Mechanical.

Early recognition of musculoskeletal deformity helps differentiate __ from structural causes.

Positional.

PTs play a key role in early screening, parent education, and referral to __ teams.

Interdisciplinary.

Limited intrauterine space restricts movement and joint development leading to conditions like __.

Metatarsus adductus.

Impaired fetal movement or tone affects skeletal shaping leading to problems like __.

Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita.

Genetic or connective tissue disorders can result in altered collagen or bone matrix formation, such as __.

Osteogenesis imperfecta.

Environmental factors influencing fetal development include maternal illness, teratogens, or __.

Vascular insult.

In monitoring limb position, symmetry, and ROM early in infancy, PTs should differentiate between __ and structural deformities.

Positional.

Parents should be educated on __, stretching, and the importance of early intervention.

Positioning.

Weight-bearing and muscle tension stimulate __ and remodeling of bones.

Bone growth.

Periods of rapid growth increase susceptibility to __ due to uneven development.

Skeletal deformities.

A typical characteristic of Metatarsus Adductus (MTA) is a __ shaped curve on the lateral aspect of the foot.

C.

The Heel Bisector Method evaluates metatarsus adductus by visualizing a line bisecting the __.

Heel.

Normal bisector alignment for a child with mild metatarsus adductus is at the __ toe.

3rd.

Severe metatarsus adductus is characterized by a heel bisector shift __ to the 4th toe.

Lateral.

In cases of metatarsus adductus, surgery is typically reserved for __ deformities after age 4.

Persistent.

Clubfoot, also known as __, is a structural deformity present at birth.

Congenital talipes equinovarus.

The main factors contributing to clubfoot deformity include equinus, varus, adduction, and __ components.

Cavus.

Early detection and management of clubfoot are essential to prevent long-term gait and __ impairments.

Postural.

The Ortolani maneuver is used to determine if a __ hip is reducible.

Dislocated.

The Pavlik harness is utilized in the management of _ to maintain flexion and abduction.

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).

Congenital calcaneovalgus is a __ foot deformity conditioned by in-utero positioning.

Flexible.

Arthrogryposis refers to the presence of contractures in __ body areas.

Two or more.

A hallmark feature of arthrogryposis is joint __ due to in utero factors.

Contractures.

Clinical management for arthrogryposis may include gentle stretching and __ to maintain functional range.

Serial casting.

Pediatric bone development is responsive to __ stress during growth.

Mechanical.

According to Wolff's Law, bone structure adapts to the __ it bears.

Loads.

The growth plates are pivotal during childhood as they remain __ and may be vulnerable to injury.

Open.

Key clinical implication for managing pediatric injuries includes the importance of __ loading and rest.

Protective.

In cases of Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE), one must be alert for external rotation and __ of the affected leg.

Shortening.

Common overuse conditions in pediatrics include Osgood-Schlatter and __ disease.

Sever's.

Knowledge of skeletal variations in lower limbs helps assess conditions such as __ and knock-knees.

Bowlegs.

Orthopedic referral is advised if internal tibial torsion persists beyond __ years.

Eight.

A common red flag for referral in pediatric musculoskeletal cases is __ between limbs.

Asymmetry.

Clinical decision-making in PT involves treating persistent deformities that do not __ with passive motion.

Correct.

The management of Blount disease involves orthotic __ in early stages.

Bracing.

Limb length discrepancies can be __ or functional due to muscle imbalance.

Structural.

Diagnosis of transient synovitis typically requires ruling out __ arthritis.

Septic.

Occult fractures are particularly insidious due to their often negative __ findings in early states.

X-ray.

Rhabdomyolysis can result from overuse and manifests in muscle breakdown leading to __ in value.

CK elevation.

One key clinical takeaway regarding hydration in children is the necessity of adjusting fluid intake during __ training loads.

Increased.

Growing pains are often characterized as __ limb pains of childhood needing reassurance.

Benign.

Effective management of pediatric sports injuries relies on understanding that children are not simply __.

Small adults.

Vascular malformations can sometimes present with acute injuries such as __ sprains in children.

Ankle.

In pediatric orthopedics, the observation of gait patterns indicates potential __.

Pathologies.

Developmental dysplasia of the hip is identified through assessing __ and gluteal folds.

Hip abduction.

It is crucial to monitor the newborn's __ to detect signs of hip instability early.

Hip alignment.

The __ test for hip dislocation involves a gentle abduction of the hip.

Ortolani.

Management of clubfoot often requires a combination of casting, bracing, and early surgical __ if conservative measures fail.

Intervention.

Functional limitations leading to orthopedic referrals may arise from persistent tibial torsion beyond the expected age of __.

Resolution.

Symptoms suggestive of septic arthritis require immediate __.

Referral.

Growing pains typically occur during nighttime, let alone be excluded by persistent swelling or __ around joints.

Tenderness.

Sports-related injuries in children necessitate tailored __ precautions.

Safety.

Hydration guidelines suggest that following activity, children can lose around __ oz per pound of body weight.

8-12.

Rhabdomyolysis can often be triggered by unaccustomed high-intensity exercise in children, necessitating __ referral.

Urgent.

Pre-participation exams should include a thorough __ history for families.

Medical.

General observation of vinculum limb length assists in differentiating between true and __ leg length discrepancies.

Apparent.

Effective parent education and compliance are key for the successful management of __ in pediatric settings.

Musculoskeletal conditions.

Conditions warranting referral might include bilateral in-toeing with increased femoral __ in early childhood.

Anteversion.

Assessments of gait should consider __ patterns and compensatory movements in children.

Abnormal.

Appropriate weight-bearing during growth spurts can optimize __ development.

Bone.

Education on gradual loading following Wolff's Law helps to protect __ during physical activity.

Growth plates.

Pediatric growth plate vulnerability suggests that early __ modifications can prevent injuries.

Load.

Functional outcomes in pediatric physical therapy rely heavily on collaborative efforts in __ management.

Team.

Growth spurts in children may result in temporary __ in muscle flexibility.

Tightness.

Individualized approaches to therapy and education should include regular __ evaluations.

Functional.

Effective cross-training in youth sports can help mitigate risks of __ injuries.

Overuse.

In children, assessments of the lower limbs must consider both rotations and __ alignment.

Angular.

Standardized evaluation techniques can guide management of lower extremity __ in children.

Deformities.

Persistent in-toeing in children may suggest underlying __ pathology if not evaluated past the typical age.

Neuromuscular.

Referrals should be made for components of pediatric orthopedic evaluations when presenting with __ traits in emerging developmental milestones.

Deviant.

Monitoring alignment, symmetry, and joint status in children is essential during __ evaluations.

Gait.

Differentiating between manageable conditions and those indicating systemic problems during evaluations of limb anomalies requires __ skill.

Clinical.

The impact of weight-bearing activities on maintaining bone density throughout pediatric development is termed __.

Bone adaptation.

Outcomes in pediatric musculoskeletal care are best when treatment is initiated during __ months of age.

Early.

Management for unstable hips in infants should prompt considerations for __ casting or bracing.

Closed.

Knowledge of regional variations in growth among pediatric populations is crucial for understanding __ abnormalities.

Growth.

Signs of infection in limp evaluations include warmth, __, or systemic symptoms.

Tenderness.

Education regarding risks of developing pain during sports participation focuses on __-based strategies.

Evidence.

Timely orthopedic referrals are essential for hip conditions presenting with __ dislocation symptoms in infancy.

Unstable.

The risk of developing complications like stress fractures in children requires awareness of __ growth dynamics.

Biphasic.

Assessment of pediatric injuries must include the impact of __ and appropriate loading principles.

Development.

Emerging evidence shows that cooperative training programs help reduce the occurrence of __ in youth sports.

Injuries.

Regular evaluations of joint function among growing children assist in early detection of __ mismatches.

Functional.

Most pediatric injuries require a multifaceted approach involving structural evaluation and __ care integration.

Therapeutic.

Collaborative approaches in pediatric therapy can support understanding regarding healthy __ management behaviors.

Lifestyle.

Pediatric pain management strategies must combine pharmacological options with __ education.

Parenting.

Effective treatment for transactional injuries emphasizes the importance of education on the __ progression of muscle development.

Natural.

Key aspects of preventing sports injuries in children include a sound foundation in __ training techniques.

Dynamic.

Clear guidelines in therapeutic approaches aim to enhance __ success in youth rehabilitation.

Functional.

Managing pediatric injuries effectively necessitates the provision of __-oriented education.

Family.

The assessment of joint mobility in children is best accomplished through systematic __ assessments.

Manual.

The long-term objective of early therapeutic interventions is to support optimal __ development in children.

Musculoskeletal.

Randomized trial outcomes suggest significant benefits in integrating __ into pediatric care strategies.

Physical activity.

Therapeutic interventions should tailor to individual pediatric needs while incorporating __ support strategies.

Interdisciplinary.

Familiarity with common pediatric disabilities assists in guiding families through the __ process.

Referral.