Ch. 3 -- Macromolecules Quiz Pt. 1

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Last updated 6:12 PM on 9/19/26
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11 Terms

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Carbohydrates

Atoms: C, H, O

Monomer: monosaccharides; glucose, fructose, galactose

Polymers: disaccaride (sucrose), polysaccharides

Bond: glycosidic linkages

Function: structural support, short term energy storage

Example: cellulose, starch, glycogen, glucose, sucrose

<p>Atoms: C, H, O</p><p>Monomer: monosaccharides; glucose, fructose, galactose </p><p>Polymers: disaccaride (sucrose), polysaccharides </p><p>Bond: glycosidic linkages </p><p>Function: structural support, short term energy storage </p><p>Example: cellulose, starch, glycogen, glucose, sucrose</p>
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Lipids

Atoms: C, H, O

Monomer: no true monomer —> glycerol + fatty acids

Polymers: triglyceride, phospholipids

Bond: ester linkage

Function: component of cell membrane, long term energy storage, hormone signaling

Examples: phospholipids, fats and oils, triglycerides, estrogen and testosterone

<p>Atoms: C, H, O </p><p>Monomer: no true monomer —&gt; glycerol + fatty acids</p><p>Polymers: triglyceride, phospholipids </p><p>Bond: ester linkage </p><p>Function: component of cell membrane, long term energy storage, hormone signaling</p><p>Examples: phospholipids, fats and oils, triglycerides, estrogen and testosterone </p>
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Proteins

Atoms: C, H, O, N, S

Monomer: Amino acids

Polymer: polypeptides, proteins

Bond: Peptide bonds

Functions: storage, transport, hormonal, receptor, structural, defensive, enzymatic

Examples: collagen, DNA polymerase, helicase, antibodies

<p>Atoms: C, H, O, N, S</p><p>Monomer: Amino acids</p><p>Polymer: polypeptides, proteins</p><p>Bond: Peptide bonds</p><p>Functions: storage, transport, hormonal, receptor, structural, defensive, enzymatic</p><p>Examples: collagen, DNA polymerase, helicase, antibodies</p>
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Proteins - Primary Structure

a sequence (linear) of amino acids held together by peptide bonds

<p>a sequence (linear) of amino acids held together by peptide bonds</p>
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Proteins - Secondary Structure

alphas helixes and beta pleated sheets, held together by hydrogen bonds between backbone atoms

<p>alphas helixes and beta pleated sheets, held together by hydrogen bonds between backbone atoms</p>
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Proteins - Tertiary Structure

a helix + b sheets in a three-dimensional structure, held together by interactions between R groups

<p>a helix + b sheets in a three-dimensional structure, held together by interactions between R groups </p>
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Proteins - Quaternary Structure

multiple three dimensional sub units held together by interactions (not all proteins have this)

<p>multiple three dimensional sub units held together by interactions (not all proteins have this)</p>
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Nucleic Acids

Atoms: C, H, O, N, P

Monomers: DNA: deoxyribose nucleotide / RNA: ribonucleotide

Polymers: DNA and RNA

Bond: phosphodiester bond

Functions: genetic heredity info — RNA → DNA → Proteins, transmitting genetic information to get proteins made

<p>Atoms: C, H, O, N, P</p><p>Monomers: DNA: deoxyribose nucleotide / RNA: ribonucleotide </p><p>Polymers: DNA and RNA</p><p>Bond: phosphodiester bond</p><p>Functions: genetic heredity info — RNA → DNA → Proteins, transmitting genetic information to get proteins made</p>
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DNA

Sugar: deoxyribose (no OH)

Bases: A, G, C, T

Strands: double stranded

Function: stores genetic information for reproduction, creation, protein synthesis, and inheritance of genes

<p>Sugar: deoxyribose (no OH)</p><p>Bases: A, G, C, T</p><p>Strands: double stranded</p><p>Function: stores genetic information for reproduction, creation, protein synthesis, and inheritance of genes</p>
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RNA

Sugar: ribose

Bases: A, G, C, U

Strands: single strand

Function: a photo copy of DNA; temporary and less stable, RNA will travel in order to trigger protein synthesis

<p>Sugar: ribose </p><p>Bases: A, G, C, U</p><p>Strands: single strand</p><p>Function: a photo copy of DNA; temporary and less stable, RNA will travel in order to trigger protein synthesis </p>
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Protein Denaturation

protein unfolds and its three dimensional bonds break (often down to the primary structure) because of stressors like heat, pH changes, physical stress and metals

<p>protein unfolds and its three dimensional bonds break (often down to the primary structure) because of stressors like heat, pH changes, physical stress and metals </p>