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Murillo Velarde Map
Created by Pedro Murillo y Velarde in 1734.
Fernando Valdes y Tamon
Governor-general who commissioned the Murillo Velarde Map.
King Philip V of Spain
Ordered the creation of the Murillo Velarde Map.
Nicolás de la Cruz
Engraver of the Murillo Velarde Map.
Francisso Suarez
Artist associated with the Murillo Velarde Map.
Land Bridges
Connected Southeast Asia, allowing free travel.
Diverse Race and Culture
Emergence before Spanish arrival in the Philippines.
Chinese Trading
Occurred in the 11th century in Southeast Asia.
Map Dimensions
108 x 71 cm, scale 1:1,400,000.
Maritime Routes
Showed trade routes from Manila to Spain.
Age of Exploration
15th-17th centuries, seeking new trade routes.
Spanish Empire
Spain's extension into the Philippines.
Cultural Propagation
Spread of culture and Christianity in the Philippines.
Geographical Influence
Philippines located at crossroads of East and West.
Archipelago
Comprises Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao regions.
Season Classifications
Tag-init, Tag-ulan, Tag-lamig define Philippine seasons.
Biodiversity
Rich species variety in Southeast Asia.
Colonial Influences
Impact from Spain, USA, and Japan.
Forest Coverage
55% of land area is forested.
Mineral Resources
Includes gold, silver, iron, and copper.
Strategic Location
Philippines as a major power in Asia.
Cultural Links
Southeast Asia's archipelago shows cultural connections.
Commercial Influences
Trade relationships with China and other nations.
Geological Diversity
Includes mountains, plains, and various minerals.
Religious Influences
Aminism reflects nature worship in local cultures.
Luzon
Largest island in the Philippines, rich in culture.
Anitos
Good spirits in indigenous belief systems.
Mangales
Bad spirits according to local traditions.
Talismans
Objects believed to hold magical powers.
Agimats
Amulets used for protection and luck.
Cordillera Central
Major mountain range in northern Luzon.
Caraballo Mountains
Mountain range located in central Luzon.
Sierra Madre Mountains
Longest mountain range in the Philippines.
Zambales Mountains
Mountain range known for its indigenous traditions.
Mindanao
Second largest island, diverse cultural influences.
Katanlungan Mountain Range
Mountain range in Mindanao, rich in rituals.
Kitanglad Mountain Range
Mountain range in Mindanao, significant for culture.
Mount Malindang
Important socio-political unit in Mindanao.
Pacific Ring of Fire
Region with high earthquake activity.
Amihan
Northeast monsoon affecting eastern Philippines.
Habagat
Southwest monsoon causing wet seasons.
Barangay
Traditional community or village structure.
Datu
Chieftain or leader in indigenous communities.
Austronesian Migrants
Early settlers bringing agricultural knowledge.
Filipino Language
Regulated by Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino.
Indigenous Languages
Includes Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon.
Pre-Colonial Architecture
Architecture inspired by local environment.
Philippine Hardwood
Wood used in traditional architecture.
Bamboo
Fast-growing plant used in construction.
Masonry and Bricks
Building materials with high compressive strength.
Rattan
Climbing plant used for various crafts.
Kaingin System
Traditional slash-and-burn agriculture method.
Wet Method Agriculture
Involves planting rice in irrigated fields.
Nipa
Trunkless plant used in building materials.
Boat-making
Crafting of traditional watercraft like Balangay.
Karakao
Traditional Visayan warship made without nails.
Craftsmanship
Skills demonstrated in pre-colonial Filipino artifacts.
Socio-political Influences
Cultural dynamics shaped by diverse communities.
Climatic Influences
Weather patterns affecting agriculture and lifestyle.
Indigenous Traditions
Cultural practices rooted in local beliefs.
Paraw
Traditional Philippine outrigger canoe for transport.
Vinta
Type of paraw used in Zamboanga and Sulu.
Trading
Local and international exchange of goods.
Thatched roof
Steeply pitched roof for rain protection.
Elevated structures
Built on posts to avoid flooding.
Slated flooring
Allows cool air circulation from below.
Tight-fitting wood planks
Provides insulation against humidity.
Cave dwellings
Earliest shelters in the Philippines.
Lean-tos
Simple structures for temporary shelter.
Multi-purpose structures
Designed for various functions in one space.
Ethnic houses
Reflect indigenous spatial organization.
Multi-level houses
Structures with multiple stories for families.
Longhouses
Community homes for extended families.
Tree houses
Elevated homes built in trees.
Houseboats
Floating homes on water bodies.
Land houses
Traditional homes built on solid ground.
Ornamentation
Decorative elements indicating social status.
Manunggul Jar
Neolithic burial jar from Tabon Caves.
Tabon Caves
Site of oldest human bones in Philippines.
Rituals in construction
Practices for ensuring good family health.
Crescent moon motifs
Decorative symbols in mosque domes.
Crosses
Religious symbols denoting Christian churches.
Pinol, Maitum
Locations with significant archaeological findings.
Carabao skulls
Decorative elements in Ifugao houses.
Salangsang
Decorative panolongs in Maranao houses.
Cagayan Valley
Region with notable pre-colonial architecture.
Seasonal building practices
Timing construction based on environmental signs.
Historical period classification
Categorization based on architectural timeline.
National Cultural Treasure
Designated by the National Museum of the Philippines.
Garuda Gold Pendant
Gold pendant depicting Garuda, found in Tabon caves.
Angono Petroglyphs
Neolithic carvings, oldest known Philippine art.
Lepa
Indigenous houseboats of the Sama-Bajau people.
Lean-tos
Temporary shelters made from tree branches and leaves.
Bahay
General term for Tagalog houses, raised on posts.
Kabalayan
Visayan term for house, protects from dampness.
Balay
Visayan house, adapted for flood protection.
Bamboo
Used for framing, walls, and flooring in structures.
Rattan
Material used for securing frameworks in construction.
Nipa
Material used for roofing in traditional houses.
Houseboats
Traditionally used by Sama-Bajau for living and trade.
