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Eukaryotic Microbes
Organisms with complex cells that contain a nucleus, which include protozoa, fungi, algae, and parasitic worms.
Flagella
Long, sheathed cylinders containing microtubules arranged in a 9+2 pattern, used for locomotion in eukaryotic cells.
Cilia
Short, hair-like structures similar to flagella, used for motility, feeding, and filtering, found in some protozoa and animal cells.
Cell Wall
A rigid structure providing support and shape to cells, composed of polysaccharides in fungi and varying in chemical composition in algae.
Cell Membrane
A typical bilayer of phospholipids and proteins that serves as a selectively permeable barrier in transport and cell interaction.
Nucleus
The most prominent organelle in eukaryotic cells, containing chromosomes and surrounded by a nuclear envelope.
Mitochondria
Organelles responsible for energy production in eukaryotic cells, containing membranes with folds called cristae.
Chloroplasts
Organelles that convert sunlight into chemical energy through photosynthesis, found in algae and plant cells.
Hyphae
Long, threadlike cells that make up the bodies of filamentous fungi, or molds.
Yeasts
Round or oval-shaped fungi that reproduce asexually by budding and lack locomotor organelles.
Fungal Nutrition
All fungi are heterotrophic; most are saprobes living off dead matter, while some are parasites.
Protozoa
Unicellular eukaryotic organisms that lack tissues and can be free-living or parasitic.
Algae
Photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms, usually unicellular or colonial, that produce oxygen and serve as a food source in aquatic environments.
Zygospores
Sexual spores formed by the fusion of two different strains in fungi.
Basidiospores
Sexual spores produced by the Basidiomycota phylum of fungi.
Cestodes
Flatworms also known as tapeworms, part of the flatworm group (helminths).
Nematodes
Roundworms, characterized by a complete digestive tract and a protective surface cuticle.
Mycelium
A woven, intertwining mass of hyphae in filamentous fungi.
Sporangiospores
Asexual spores formed within a saclike head called a sporangium.
Conidiospores
Free spores not enclosed by a spore-bearing sac, produced by asexual reproduction.
