Bio Unit 7b: DNA - Protein Synthesis
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12 Terms
mRNA (messenger RNA)
The form of RNA which is created as a blueprint from DNA; carries instructions for making a protein
tRNA (transfer RNA)
type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis
RNA
A single-stranded nucleic acid that passes along genetic messages
Gene
sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
Transcription
the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA
Translation
Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced
Ribosome
site of protein synthesis
Codon
three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid
amino acids
monomers of proteins
genetically modified organisms
an organism produced by copying genes from a species with a desirable trait and inserting them into another species
Protein
An organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells
gene expression
conversion of the information encoded in a gene first into messenger RNA and then to a protein