Diencephalon and Telencephalon

Prosencephalon (forebrain) becomes

Telencephalon and Diencephalon

Rhombencephalon becomes

Metencephalon and myelencephalon

Telencephalon becomes

Cerebral hemispheres

Diencephalon becomes

Thalamus

Mesencephalon

Midbrain

Metencephalon becomes

Pons and cerebellum

Myelencephalon

Medulla

Anterior group

anterior thalamic nuclei, AN

Medial group

dorsomedial nucleus, DM, midline nuclei, Mid

Lateral group

• Dorsal nuclei: lateral dorsal nucl. (LD), lateral posterior nucl. (LP), pulvinar (Pul)

• Ventral nuclei

  • Anterior group: ventral anterior nucl. (VA), ventral lateral nucl. (VL)

  • Posterior group: ventral posterolateral nucl. (VPL), ventral posteromedial nucl. (VPM)

• Reticular nucleus

• Intralaminar nuclei (IL): centromedian nucleus (CM)

Specific nuclei (they project to certain regions of the cortex)

• Relay nuclei

• Association nuclei

Nonspecific nuclei

they project to the cortical areas diffusely

Relay nuclei

• Sensory relay nuclei – relay centers of the somatosensory tracts

• Motor relay nuclei - relay stations of the extrapyramidal system

Association nuclei

reciprocal connections of the association areas of the cortex

Function of the hypothalamus

to coordinate the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system while ensuring homeostasis

Function of the basal ganglia

They are the centers of the motor (extrapyramidal) system, which are responsible for the movement planning, continuity and the maintenance of the muscle tone