ISTC2071 – Computer Forensics Chapter 8 Study Guide

What kinds of images are based on mathematical instructions that define lines,
curves, text, ovals, and other geometric shapes?

Vector graphics

What tools are used to create, modify, and save bitmap, vector, and metafile
graphics?

Graphics editors

Which images store graphics information as grids of pixels?

Bitmap

What is the process of converting raw picture data to another format called?

Demosaicing

In which format are most digital photographs stored?

EXIF

Which type of compression compresses data permanently by discarding bits of
information in the file?

Lossy

What term refers to recovering fragments of a file?

Carving

Which JFIF format has a hexadecimal value of FFD8 FFE0 in the first four bytes?

JPEG

If a graphics file cannot be opened in an image viewer, what should the next step
be?

Examining the file’s header data

Which uppercase letter has a hexadecimal value 41?

“A”

From which file format is the image format XIF derived?

TIF

What is the simplest way to access a file header?

Use a hexadecimal editor

Which header starts with hexadecimal 49 49 2A and has an offset of four bytes of
5C 01 00 00 20 65 58 74 65 6E 64 65 64 20 03?

XIF

Which term refers to a data-hiding technique that uses host files to cover the
contents of a secret message?

Steganography

Which data-hiding technique places data from the secret file into the host file without
displaying the secret data when the host file is viewed in its associated program?

Insertion

Which data-hiding technique replaces bits of the host file with other bits of data?

Substitution

What is another term for steganalysis tools?

Steg tools

What technique has been used to protect copyrighted material by inserting digital
watermarks into a file?

Steganography

What type of laws should computer investigators be especially aware of
when working with image files in order to avoid infringement violations?

Copyright

How may computer programs be registered under copyright laws?

As literary works