Exam 3 Review MSU Physiology

the action to approach or flee a stressful situation

Fight or flight response (sympathetic nervous system)

what are the two neuron chains out of CNS

preganglionic and postganglionic

______ has a short axon and releases ACh as a neurotransmitter

preganglion

____ has Nicotinic receptors and a longer axon

postganglion

the nicotinic receptor that is released by the postganglionic neuron is _____

norepeinepherine

____ are tissues that are invented

effectors

effectors consists of 3(4) things

cardiac muscle

smooth muscle

glands

adipose(SNS only)

Effectors have _____ receptors

adrenergic

adrenergic receptors

alpha(1) alpha(2) Beta(1) Beta (2)

what are the two types of ganglia

sympathetic chain/ collateal

collateal ganglia is found in ___ and controls ___ ___

Abdomen/ internal organs

the ____ ____ are modified sympathetic ganglia

adrenal medulla

postganglionic neurons in the adrenal medulla are modified neurons called

choemattin

____ cells live in epinephrine

choemattin

choemattin releases _______ (80%) and ____ (20%) directly into the bloodstream

epinephrine/norepinephrine

_____ causes smooth muscle contraction in arterioles

Alpha 1 receptors

____ causes smooth muscle relaxation in bronchioles

Beta 2

____ causes increase heart rate and contractility

Beta 1

____ causes decreases smooth muscle contraction in system

Alpha 2

Alpha 1 and beta 1 are ___ receptors

excitatory

Beta 2 and Alpha 2 are _____ receptors

inhibitory

PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

reaction to quiet and relaxed situations

rest and digest response

preganglionic neuron has a long axon and releases _____ as its neurotransmitter

norepinephrine

postganglionic neuron has a short axon has nAChR receptors and releases ____

NE receptors

effectors consists of what 3 things

glands

smooth

cardiac

effectors have _____ receptors

Muscarinic (m1 and m2)

M1 is typically _____

excitatory

M2 is typically _____

inhibitory

M3 on the eyes will make the ___ bulge

lens

_____ ganglia are located in or near the effector organ

terminal

eye sympathetic stimulation

1. pupillary dilation

2.relax cilliary body

eye parasympathetic stimulation

1. contract cilliary body

2.pupillary constriction

salivary glands sympathetic stimulation

dry mouth

salivary glands parasympathetic stimulation

wet mouth

heart Beta 1 sympathetic stimulation

blood pressure rises

heart rate rises

contractility rises

heart Beta 1 parasympathetic stimulation

blood pressure lowers

heart rate rises lowers

contractility lowers

Lungs sympathetic stimulation

brachodilation (beta 2)

lungs parasympathetic stimulation

Brachoconstriction (Beta 2)

liver (glycogen stores)breakdown sympathetic stimulation

glycogenolysis up

glycogensis down

liver (glycogen stores)breakdown parasympathetic stimulation

glycogenolysis down

glycogensis up

digestive tract sympathetic stimulation

turn off

digestive tract parasympathetic stimulation

turn on

genitalia sympathetic stimulation

contraction of smooth muscle

genitalia parasympathetic stimulation

erection

sweat glands sympathetic stimulation

increase sweat

sweat glands parasympathetic stimulation

decrease sweat

blood vessel sympathetic stimulation

vasoconstriction

vasodilation

blood vessel parasympathetic stimulation

heart

brain

genitals

______ receptor manages and adjusts to changes in pressure in the heart

baroreceptor

______ detects certain chemical stimuli in the environment.

chemoreception

ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

the nervous system of the digestive tract consist of what 2 plexuse

myenteric plexus

Submucosal plexus

myenteric plexus

located between the two muscularis layers

Submucosal plexus

located in the submucosa and doesn't have to travel to the nervous system

SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

This system controls ____ ____

skeletal muscle

___ neuron pathway out the CNS

1

Motor neurons release ____ as their NT which binds to _____ receptors at neuro muscular junctions

ACh/ Nicotinic

cholinergic receptors consist of what two receptors

Nicotinic(ion channel ligand-gated) and muscarinic

adrenergic receptors consists of what receptors

all alpha and beta

receptors two main groups

adrenergic and cholinergic

sympathetic tone AP/sec

1

vasoconstriction AP/sec

2

vasodilationAP/sec

1 every 2 seconds

Know how to label sarcomere(ex. Z line, M line etc..)

constant tension is ______

isotonic

with ___ tension muscle gets shorter

concentric

with ____ tension muscle gets longer

esentric

constant length is another word for ____

isometric

ENERGY USE AND MUSCULAR ACTIVITY

resting muscle uses what type of energy

fatty acid

what are the 3 types of Active energy

immediate, short-term, long-term

immediate energy

phosphorgen system (creatine phosphate)

for short intense exercises like sprinting or weight lifting(10-20 sec.)

short-term

glucose(lactic acid) 2 ATP per glucose

2 min exercise

takes over after creatine runs out

long-term

Oxidative energy

for long runs

32 ATP`

MUSCLE PERFORMANCE

what are the types of muscle fibers

fast-twitching and slow-twitching

_____ is glycolytic

slow-twitching

_____ is oxidative

fast-twitching

fast-twitching

-myoglobin

-mitochondria

-color

-fatigue

-protein found in muscle cells that bind O2

-very little mitochondria

-white

-quickly

slow-twitching

-myoglobin

-mitochondria

-color

-fatigue

-alot

-alot

-red

-slowly

smooth muscle is not striated because no ____ or ____

sarcomeres/ traponin

cross-bridge needs _ ATP

2