Vital Signs and Infection Control Quiz 9/8
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196 Terms
What does TPR stand for?
Temperature, Pulse, Respirations.
What are the three vital signs in TPR?
Temperature, pulse, and respirations.
What are vital signs used to assess?
Basic body functions and the patient's condition.
What is the average oral temperature?
98.6°F.
What temperature is one degree above normal?
99.6°F.
What are the four routes for taking temperature?
Oral, axillary, rectal, and tympanic.
What does oral temperature mean?
Temperature taken in the mouth.
What does axillary temperature mean?
Temperature taken under the arm.
What does rectal temperature mean?
Temperature taken in the rectum.
What does tympanic temperature mean?
Temperature taken in the ear.
What is the most accurate temperature method in the slides?
Rectal temperature.
What body part regulates temperature?
The hypothalamus.
What does afebrile mean?
Absence of a fever.
What is a fever?
An elevated body temperature above the normal range.
What does pulse measure?
The heart rate, or number of heartbeats per minute.
What is the average adult pulse range in the slides?
60–90 BPM.
What is the most-used pulse site?
Radial pulse.
Where is the radial pulse found?
At the wrist on the thumb side.
What is tachycardia?
A fast pulse rate, above 100 BPM.
What is bradycardia?
A slow pulse rate, below 60 BPM.
What does BPM mean?
Beats per minute.
What do respirations measure?
Breathing, including the number of breaths per minute.
What is blood pressure?
The force of blood against the walls of the arteries.
What is the normal BP reading given in the slides?
120/80 mmHg.
What does systolic pressure measure?
Pressure when the heart contracts.
What does diastolic pressure measure?
Pressure when the heart relaxes.
Which BP number is systolic?
The top number.
Which BP number is diastolic?
The bottom number.
What does 120/80 represent?
120 systolic over 80 diastolic.
What is a microorganism?
A microscopic organism, also called a microbe.
What do microorganisms need to grow?
Food and moisture.
Does every microorganism require oxygen?
No. Oxygen needs vary among microorganisms.
Why is the human body ideal for microorganisms?
It provides warmth, moisture, and nutrients.
What is normal flora?
Microorganisms normally found living on or in the body.
What are nonpathogens?
Microorganisms that do not normally cause disease.
What are pathogens?
Microorganisms capable of causing disease.
Where do microorganisms commonly thrive?
Warm, dark, moist environments.
How are bacteria classified?
By their shape and arrangement.
What are bacteria?
Simple, one-celled microorganisms that multiply rapidly.
What are cocci?
Round or spherical bacteria.
What are bacilli?
Rod-shaped bacteria.
What are spirilla?
Spiral or corkscrew-shaped bacteria.
What bacterial shape should you know for spirilla?
Spiral/corkscrew.
What do antibiotics kill?
Bacteria.
Do antibiotics kill viruses?
No.
What are multidrug-resistant bacteria?
Bacteria resistant to multiple antibiotics.
What is MRSA?
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
What is VRE?
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci.
What is MRAB?
Multi-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.
What is CRE?
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae.
What are viruses?
The smallest microorganisms listed in the slides.
What microscope is needed to see viruses?
An electron microscope.
Where do viruses reproduce?
Inside living cells.
How are viruses commonly spread?
Through blood and body secretions.
Why are viruses difficult to kill?
They reproduce inside living cells.
Are viruses affected by antibiotics?
No.
Name viral diseases listed in the slides.
SARS, West Nile, monkeypox, Ebola, Marburg, H5N1, and H1N1.
What are fungi?
Simple plantlike organisms.
Where do fungi commonly live?
On dead organic matter.
What types of fungi can be pathogenic?
Yeasts and molds.
Do antibiotics kill fungi?
No.
What treats fungal infections?
Antifungal medications.
What are protozoa?
One-celled, animal-like microorganisms.
Where can protozoa be found?
In decayed materials and contaminated water.
How do some protozoa move?
Some use flagella.
Can protozoa be pathogenic?
Yes, some are pathogenic.
What are rickettsiae?
Parasitic microorganisms that cannot live outside another organism's cells.
How are rickettsiae transmitted?
By fleas, lice, ticks, and mites.
Are antibiotics effective against rickettsiae?
Yes, antibiotics are effective against many.
What is Hepatitis B caused by?
Hepatitis B virus, or HBV.
How is Hepatitis B transmitted?
Through blood serum and body secretions.
What organ does Hepatitis B affect?
The liver.
Is there a Hepatitis B vaccine?
Yes, a vaccine is available.
Who must receive the Hepatitis B vaccine at no cost?
Eligible employees with occupational exposure to blood or body secretions.
What is Hepatitis C caused by?
Hepatitis C virus, or HCV.
How is Hepatitis C transmitted?
Through blood or blood-containing body fluids.
Can people with Hepatitis C be asymptomatic?
Yes, many infected individuals are asymptomatic.
What can Hepatitis C cause?
Severe liver damage.
Is there a Hepatitis C vaccine?
No vaccine is available.
What causes AIDS?
HIV.
What does HIV do to the body?
Suppresses the immune system.
What does HIV increase susceptibility to?
Cancers and infections.
Is there a cure or vaccine for AIDS according to the slides?
No cure or vaccine.
What does endogenous mean?
An infection or disease that originates within the body.
What are examples of endogenous diseases?
Metabolic disorders, tumors, and congenital abnormalities.
What does exogenous mean?
An infection or disease that originates outside the body.
What are examples of exogenous disease causes?
Pathogens, trauma, and temperature extremes.
What does nosocomial mean?
Hospital-acquired infection.
What is an epidemic?
A disease that spreads rapidly and affects large numbers of people.
What is a pandemic?
A disease spread over a wide geographic area affecting a high proportion of the population.
What are the six steps of the Chain of Infection?
Agent, reservoir, portal of exit, transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host.
What is the first link in the Chain of Infection?
Infectious agent/pathogen.
What is the second link in the Chain of Infection?
Reservoir.
What is the third link in the Chain of Infection?
Portal of exit.
What is the fourth link in the Chain of Infection?
Mode of transmission.
What is the fifth link in the Chain of Infection?
Portal of entry.
What is the sixth link in the Chain of Infection?
Susceptible host.
What is an infectious agent?
A pathogen capable of causing infection.
What is a reservoir?
The place where a pathogen lives and multiplies.
What is a portal of exit?
The way a pathogen leaves its reservoir.