Cytogenetics Semis

AUG

It is the starting codon.

In translation, the first codon will start in the ____ site of the rRNA.

A

usually single molecule of DNA

Chromosomes in prokaryotes are _____.

vengeance belongs to divine

Moral lesson of Introductory illustration:

Digital karyotyping

quantify the DNA copy number on a genomic scale.

Spectral karyotyping

visualize all the pairs of chromosomes in an organism in different colors.

Classic karyotyping

uses a dye to stain chromosome bands

cytoplasm

Where does translation occur in the Eukaryotes?

mRNA = the coder, rRNA = the factory, tRNA = the worker

How do each type of RNA participate in the translation?

Glycine & Alanine

Small

Amino Acid

Serine, Theonine, Cysteine

Nucleophilic Amino Acids

Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine, Methionine, & Proline

Hydrophobic Amino Acids

Phenylalanine, Tyrosine, & Tryptophan

Aromatic Amino Acids

Aspartic Acid & Glutamic Acid

Acidic Amino Acids

Histidine, Lysine, Arginine

Amides

telomerase

When activated, it enables cancer cells to become technically immortal

This is NOT a stop codon:

AUA

These amino acids are aromatic EXCEPT:

Asparagine

Translation

The base sequence of mRNA is decoded in this process to make a sequence of amino acids.

These amino acids has basic chemical characteristics EXCEPT:

Methionine

These amino acids are Nucleophilic EXCEPT:

Glycine

3

Each amino acid is specified by a sequence of ___ nucleotides, a word in the vocabulary of the genome:

integrase

This cDNA  produced by the virus is integrated into the host cell's genome via this enzyme:

The start codon brings with it this appropriate amino acid

Methionine

During translation, the elongating polypeptide chain of amino acid_____.

enters A site then moves to P site of the rRNA

In translation the mRNA will run through the rRNA _______ .

from the 5’ end to the terminating codon at the 3’ end

ribonuclease H

This enzyme can digest the RNA strand

Bacterial chromosomes have these characterististics EXCEPT:

Linear rather than circular

nucleus

Eukaryotic chromosomes are sequestered within a __.

Centromere

It divides the chromosome into a short arm (p) and a long arm (q):

carry genes for proteinaceous toxins

Bacteriocin factors

carry genes for being less susceptible to antimicrobial drugs or toxins.

Resistance (R) factors

carry genes for pathogenicity

Virulence plasmids

Fertility (F) factors

conjugation, transfer of genes

Which of the following is not an extranuclear DNA?

plasmids

specific for the phosphate groups of DNA

Giemsa

binds to the adenine-thymine-rich regions

Quinacrine

Cytogeneticists use these three things to tell chromosomes apart EXCEPT:

the color of the telomere

Escherichia coli

Which of these organisms has only 1 chromosome?

44

Total number of human autosomes.

Chromosomes were first observed in tumor cells by ___ in 1882.

Walther Fleming

The vast majority of the human genome size codes for proteins.

FALSE