Psychology 101:04 Exam 3 Study Guide - Memory Part 1

what is encoding?

getting information into memory

what is Storage?

maintaining encoded information over time

what is retrieval?

pulling previously encoded and stored information from memory

what is sensory memory?

system that holds sensory information(e.g., visual, auditory) for a very brief time after the stimulus disappears

what is short-term memory?

for information that is available to consciousness for about 20-30 seconds Capacity of short-term memory: 7 +- 2 ("magical #7")

what is long-term memory?

relatively permanent memory Unlimited capacity

what is iconic memory?

visual sensory memory

what is echoic memory?

auditory sensory memory

How did Spering study iconic memory?

Sperling (1960) - flashed 12 letters for 1/20 sec then signaled Ps to recall top, middle, or bottom row

what is Explicit memory?

conscious recollection of material fromlong-term memory (declarative)

what is implicit memory?

not brought to mind consciously, but expressed in behavior (nondeclarative)

what is episodic memory?

memory of personally experienced events

what is semantic memory?

memory of general knowledge

what are 3 types of implicit memory?

Procedural memory - memory for the performance of skills

Priming - prior exposure to a stimulus affects responses to a later stimulus

Classically conditioned associations

procedural memory

memory for the performance of skills

priming

prior exposure to a stimulus affects responses to a later stimulus

classically conditioned associations

Conditioned emotional reactions

what is recall

producing memories using minimal retrieval cues

what is recognition?

knowledge of whether one has previously been exposed to information

what is relearning?

learning occurs more quickly the second time it is learned

what is chunking?

organizing information into smaller, meaningful pieces to facilitate memory

what is mnemonics?

strategies and tricks for improving memory