Organic Chemistry Functional Groups

Flashcards introducing the fundamental organic chemistry functional groups and their structure definitions from Page 1 lecture notes.

Alkane

A hydrocarbon functional group containing single carbon-carbon bonds ($C-C$).

Alkyl Halide

A compound containing a carbon atom bonded to a halogen ($X = F, Cl, Br, I$).

Alkene

A hydrocarbon functional group containing a carbon-carbon double bond ($C=C$).

Alkyne

A hydrocarbon functional group containing a carbon-carbon triple bond ($C \equiv C$).

Arene

An aromatic hydrocarbon ring structure.

Alcohol

An organic functional group containing a hydroxyl group ($-C-OH$).

Ether

An organic functional group containing an oxygen atom bonded between two carbon atoms ($-C-O-C-$).

Epoxide

A cyclic ether functional group consisting of a three-membered ring with an oxygen atom.

Thiol

An organic functional group containing a sulfhydryl group ($-C-SH$).

Thioether

An organic functional group containing a sulfur atom bonded between two carbon atoms ($-C-S-C-$).

Amine (1°)

A primary amine functional group containing an amino group ($-C-NH_2$).

Amine (2°)

A secondary amine functional group containing a nitrogen atom bonded to two carbons ($-C-NH-C-$).

Amine (3°)

A tertiary amine functional group containing a nitrogen atom bonded to three carbon atoms.

Aldehyde

A carbonyl functional group containing a hydrogen atom bonded to the carbonyl carbon ($-C(=O)H$).

Ketone

A carbonyl functional group where the carbonyl carbon is bonded to two other carbon atoms.

Carboxylic Acid

A functional group containing a carboxyl group ($-C(=O)OH$).

Ester

A functional group containing a carbonyl group adjacent to an ether-like oxygen ($-C(=O)O-C-$).

Acyl Halide

A functional group containing a carbonyl group attached to a halogen atom ($-C(=O)X$ where $X = F, Cl, Br, I$).

Anhydride

A functional group containing two acyl groups linked by an oxygen atom.

Amide

A functional group containing a carbonyl group attached to an amino nitrogen ($-C(=O)NH_2$).

Nitrile

A functional group containing a carbon-nitrogen triple bond ($-C \equiv N$).