Rad Tech Last Exam

Informed Consent

patients agree to allow a procedure to happen based on full disclosure of facts to allow an informed decision

·      Probably paperwork/signatures involved here

Implied Consent

patients agree to allow a procedure to happen which is NOT expressly given but rather inferred by the patients actions

Negligence

a failure to use such care as a reasonably prudent person would use under similar circumstances

Fraud

·      A willful and intentional misrepresentation of facts that may cause harm to an individual or result in loss of an individual right or property

·      Missed diagnosis on the radiograph

·      Study does not have optimal images

·      Altering images (masking)

·      Billing issues (exams not completed)

Defamation

Slander- false spoken statements or Libel- false written statements or pictures

·      Hurting their NAME

·      Social media issues

Libel

- false written statements or pictures

False imprisonment

·      Arises when a person is restrained or believes that he or she is being restrained against his or her will

·      Consent not given

·      Restrained against will

Battery

·      Any unlawful touching may constitute battery if the patient thinks that the tech has touched him or her in an offensive way

o   When positioning patients and using palpation, get the patients permission and use professional palpation techniques

o   Procedure performed on the wrong patients

Assault

·      May arise when a patient believes he or she has been threatened in such a way that reason to fear or to expect immediate bodily harm exists

o   Threatening patient to hold still

Tort

·      Patients claim that they have been wronged or have sustained some injury, other than a breach of contract, for which they believe cause exists for an action to be compensated for damage

o   Injury during procedure, or in the department

o   Poor care received

EMR/EHR

electronic medical/health record system generally considered as the portal through which clinicians access a patient’s health record, order treatments or therapy, and document care delivered to patients; allows providers to gather multiple types of data about a patient

PPS-Prospective Payment System

a system for Medicare patients by which a predetermined level of reimbursement is established before services are provided

TJC- The Joint Commission

organization that accredits hospitals and other health care institutions in the United States

HIPPA

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

·      Passed to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the health care system

·      Components that affect health info include privacy, security and the establishment of standards and requirements for the electronic transmission of certain health info

·      HIPPA essentially established standards for medical info in preparation for an electronic medical record and all of its ramifications

·      HIPAA clearly outlines the confidentiality requirements of health records

·      The health record is legal document that is admissible as evidence in court

Health Info Management

·      All health care providers, regardless of setting, are required to maintain all patient care info that applies to an individual patient

·      Health records concentrate, within a single record, all patient care info that applies to an individual patient

·      Info must be maintained a minimum of 5 years from date of last patient

·      Minors… records until they are 18+

·      Seriously ill… need to monitor records

·      Records promote effective communication

Beneficence

bringing about good

·      Perform actions that benefit others

·      Decide and act always to benefit the patient

Nonmaleficence

Do not harm

·      Above all, do not harm

Never perform nor allow acts that may harm the patient

Autonomy

perform actions that respect that patient and their wishes (acting with personal self-reliance)

·      Perform actions that respect the independence of other persons

·      The PATIENT must decide what is done to them

Veracity

Telling the truth

·      Being truthful is right

·      To tell the truth is expected

Fidelity

be faithful

·      Performing acts that observe covenants or promises is right

Justice

acting with fairness or equity

·      Performing acts that ensure the fair distribution of goods and harm are right

·      Be fair

Professional Behavior

·      Society expects a profession, through its collective members, to generate its own statement of acceptable and unacceptable behavior

·      Defined by two distinct documents

·      Establish norms for professional conduct

·      Radiologic sciences professionals must know the ethical and professional standards of the profession

Societal Behavior

·      Governed by laws and morals

·      Laws can be limiting and are not comprehensive in controlling all possible behaviors

·      Laws need enforcement and the authority to do so

·      Laws can politically motivated and applied unequally

·      Morals are generally accepted customs of right living and conduct and individual’s practice in relation to these customs

Professional Ethics

·      Ethics deals with “rightness and wrongness” of an act or behavior as compared with natural reason

·      Societal behavior is defined by laws, rules, and regulations, ordinances, and so on

·      Professional behavior is defined by professional Standards of Conduct and Scope of Practice (what’s in your practice)

·      Society expects professions to self-regulate

professional ethic

is one of several generally accepted criteria that serve to distinguish a profession from other occupations or trades

2, 3, & 5

Providing care in an emergency situation is intended to:

1. prepare the injured patient for surgery.

2. prevent further harm to the patient.

3. preserve life.

4. place the patient into an unconscious state for transport.

5. stabilize the patient until the appropriate medical assistance arrives.

providing a competent level of care, recognizing when advanced care is needed, and calling for assistance.

The single most important action for the radiographer when administering emergency care is:

crash

A common name for an emergency cart within medical imaging is the _____ cart.

The medical term for a temporary suspension of consciousness is:

Syncope

What type of shock is caused by a failure of the heart to pump enough blood to the vital organs?

Cardiogenic

Call for help, but do not leave the patient, prevent more harm

A 16-year-old patient comes to the diagnostic imaging department for a CT examination. He is lying on the table in a supine position and suddenly seems to lose consciousness and begins to move violently, with jerking motions. You realize that he is having a generalized seizure. The action that you must take is:

Hypovolemic

The type of shock that is a result of severe loss of blood is:

changes in state of consciousness

Symptoms of a head injury include:

Anaphylactic

What type of shock can result from a severe reaction to the contrast media used in radiographic examinations?

Insulin

Which of these should NOT be given to counteract hypoglycemia?

urticaria, nausea, shortness of breath, tightening in the throat, and cardiac arrest

After the administration of an iodine-based contrast into a patient, it is important for the technologist to observe the patient for:

location of and access to the crash cart.

automatic external defibrillator (AED) operation.

institutional numbers for emergency code announcements.

In preparation for any emergent situation, the professional technologist should become familiar with:

portrays clinical symptoms of excessive thirst and urination as well as dry mouth.

When comparing hyperglycemia with hypoglycemia, the hyperglycemia:

Hypovolemic

What type of shock is caused by loss of blood from a knife or gunshot wound?

have the patient sit down, and allow the patient to use his or her aerosol inhaler.

When caring for a patient with epistaxis, the patient:

violation of federal law.

Failure to pay one’s federal income taxes would be an example of a(n)

violation of socially accepted values.

You are enjoying an evening with a friend at the theater. The person seated behind you routinely texts messages to his girlfriend about the movie and what is happening. This behavior would be a

an ethical violation.

When you were a student radiographer, the importance of radiation protection was constantly stressed, and you have incorporated the principle of ALARA as a professional value. As an employee working within a busy imaging department, you work with some technologists who do not practice radiation protection as you have been taught. One technologist in particular routinely overexposes patients to get a “perfect image for the radiologist.” This poor technologist practice would be an example of

Criticizing a doctor or team member in a private or public forum

Which of the following would be considered an unethical practice for a radiologic technologist?

professional ethics

You are the director of a busy medical imaging department. One of your technologists has been accused of looking up the personal medical records and radiography reports of his brother’s girlfriend. The girlfriend visited the hospital as a patient for an ultrasound examination of the pelvis to rule out pregnancy. Disciplinary action for this technologist would be appropriate because of a violation of

professional etiquette violation

Being rude and impolite to a patient’s family members because they are asking how long an examination will take is an example of a(n)

has its weaknesses because others may not have the same moral value system as you.

Using moral rules as your complete guide to determine appropriate professional behavior

correct choice is not entirely clear and has both positive and negative consequences.

The best way to characterize an ethical dilemma is to describe it as the

consequentialism

You are placed in an unfortunate situation with a patient that requires you to tell a small “white lie” regarding the late arrival of the radiologist. The patient is noticeably upset about the procedure having to be done at all and is quite anxious. You are aware that the radiologist and the patient’s surgeon are meeting in his office to discuss the best approach to deal with this patient’s cancer. You feel certain that telling the patient the truth as to why the radiologist is late would increase her anxiety. This technologist is practicing

Meeting the basic needs of the patient 

Being a competent professional 

Abiding by the ASRT Code of Ethics

Which of the following best defines fidelity?

is responsible for the maintenance, retrieval, and storage of health information.

A typical health information management department

a formal, documented examination request is entered into the institution’s information system. 

the requesting physician must be identified on the request. 

reasons for the examination must be on the request. 

Before a diagnostic study can be initiated,

communicate to the patient’s physician all care rendered by all persons.

A key function performed by a patient’s health information record is to

the biopsy did not occur because it is not in the health record.

You are asked to testify in a court case involving a mammographic biopsy with which you were involved as a mammographer. During testimony, a question is raised regarding whether the biopsy was done successfully. You remember clearly that it was and state that. In the patient’s health record, there is no written documentation of the biopsy being done. As far as the court is concerned,

Analgesics

drugs that relieve pain without causing a loss of consciousness.

Anesthetics

agents that reversibly depress neuronal function, producing loss of ability to perceive pain and or/ other sensations. Prevents pain during surgery and other procedures

Antiemetic

bind to the receptors in the vomiting center of the brain step and block their signal pathways, that lead to nausea and vomiting, which reduces the nausea sensation

Antianxiety agents

help reduce the symptoms of anxiety, such as panic attacks or extreme fear and worry.

Anticholinergics

drugs that block the passage of impulses through the parasympathetic nerves. relieves cramps and or spasms

Anticoagulants

they interrupt the process involved in the formation of blood clots. Sometimes called “blood-thinning” medicines

Antibiotics

medicines that fight bacterial infections. They work by killing the bacteria or making it hard for the bacteria to grow and multiply.

Anticonvulsants

antiseizure medication that treat epilepsy and other causes of seizures.

Antidiabetics

reduce blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes

Antihistamines

relieve symptoms of allergies, such as hay fever, hives, and reactions to bites or stings

Antihyperlipidemic

help you lower your cholesterol levels.

Antipsychotics

to treat the symptoms of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders

Antiviral agents

drugs that fight viral infections. Most are used for the treatment of HIV, HBV, hepatitis B and C, and more.

Diuretics

drugs that promote the excretion of urine

NSAIDS

manage the pain and inflammation associated with arthritis and other musculoskeletal disorders.

6 rights of drug administration:

·       Right Drug

·       Right Amount

·       Right Patient

·       Right Time

·       Right Route

·       Right Documentation

Three times. Once when the container is removed from the shelf, again when the drug is removed from the container, and a third time when the container is replaced.

When and how many times should you check to make sure you have the right drug?

 Always show the container to the person who will administer the drug.

What do you do if you prepare a drug for another worker to administer?

If a drug is not clearly labeled or is outdated what should you do?

Do not use it and report it.

ac

before meals

bid

twice a day

pc

after meals

PO

by mouth

stat

immediately

IM

intramuscularly

Include oral, sublingual, buccal, and rectal

What are Enteral routes of drug administration?

 Intradermal (ID), intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SQ), intravenous (IV)

What are Parenteral routes for drug administration?

A 18 gauge needle is larger than a 25 gauge needle.

Is an 18 gauge needle larger or smaller in diameter than a 25 gauge needle?

10 to 15 degree angle

What should the angle of the needle be to the skin (intradermal) injection