Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
Informed Consent
patients agree to allow a procedure to happen based on full disclosure of facts to allow an informed decision
· Probably paperwork/signatures involved here
Implied Consent
patients agree to allow a procedure to happen which is NOT expressly given but rather inferred by the patients actions
Negligence
a failure to use such care as a reasonably prudent person would use under similar circumstances
Fraud
· A willful and intentional misrepresentation of facts that may cause harm to an individual or result in loss of an individual right or property
· Missed diagnosis on the radiograph
· Study does not have optimal images
· Altering images (masking)
· Billing issues (exams not completed)
Defamation
Slander- false spoken statements or Libel- false written statements or pictures
· Hurting their NAME
· Social media issues
Libel
- false written statements or pictures
False imprisonment
· Arises when a person is restrained or believes that he or she is being restrained against his or her will
· Consent not given
· Restrained against will
Battery
· Any unlawful touching may constitute battery if the patient thinks that the tech has touched him or her in an offensive way
o When positioning patients and using palpation, get the patients permission and use professional palpation techniques
o Procedure performed on the wrong patients
Assault
· May arise when a patient believes he or she has been threatened in such a way that reason to fear or to expect immediate bodily harm exists
o Threatening patient to hold still
Tort
· Patients claim that they have been wronged or have sustained some injury, other than a breach of contract, for which they believe cause exists for an action to be compensated for damage
o Injury during procedure, or in the department
o Poor care received
EMR/EHR
electronic medical/health record system generally considered as the portal through which clinicians access a patient’s health record, order treatments or therapy, and document care delivered to patients; allows providers to gather multiple types of data about a patient
PPS-Prospective Payment System
a system for Medicare patients by which a predetermined level of reimbursement is established before services are provided
TJC- The Joint Commission
organization that accredits hospitals and other health care institutions in the United States
HIPPA
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
· Passed to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the health care system
· Components that affect health info include privacy, security and the establishment of standards and requirements for the electronic transmission of certain health info
· HIPPA essentially established standards for medical info in preparation for an electronic medical record and all of its ramifications
· HIPAA clearly outlines the confidentiality requirements of health records
· The health record is legal document that is admissible as evidence in court
Health Info Management
· All health care providers, regardless of setting, are required to maintain all patient care info that applies to an individual patient
· Health records concentrate, within a single record, all patient care info that applies to an individual patient
· Info must be maintained a minimum of 5 years from date of last patient
· Minors… records until they are 18+
· Seriously ill… need to monitor records
· Records promote effective communication
Beneficence
bringing about good
· Perform actions that benefit others
· Decide and act always to benefit the patient
Nonmaleficence
Do not harm
· Above all, do not harm
Never perform nor allow acts that may harm the patient
Autonomy
perform actions that respect that patient and their wishes (acting with personal self-reliance)
· Perform actions that respect the independence of other persons
· The PATIENT must decide what is done to them
Veracity
Telling the truth
· Being truthful is right
· To tell the truth is expected
Fidelity
be faithful
· Performing acts that observe covenants or promises is right
Justice
acting with fairness or equity
· Performing acts that ensure the fair distribution of goods and harm are right
· Be fair
Professional Behavior
· Society expects a profession, through its collective members, to generate its own statement of acceptable and unacceptable behavior
· Defined by two distinct documents
· Establish norms for professional conduct
· Radiologic sciences professionals must know the ethical and professional standards of the profession
Societal Behavior
· Governed by laws and morals
· Laws can be limiting and are not comprehensive in controlling all possible behaviors
· Laws need enforcement and the authority to do so
· Laws can politically motivated and applied unequally
· Morals are generally accepted customs of right living and conduct and individual’s practice in relation to these customs
Professional Ethics
· Ethics deals with “rightness and wrongness” of an act or behavior as compared with natural reason
· Societal behavior is defined by laws, rules, and regulations, ordinances, and so on
· Professional behavior is defined by professional Standards of Conduct and Scope of Practice (what’s in your practice)
· Society expects professions to self-regulate
professional ethic
is one of several generally accepted criteria that serve to distinguish a profession from other occupations or trades
2, 3, & 5
Providing care in an emergency situation is intended to:
prepare the injured patient for surgery.
prevent further harm to the patient.
preserve life.
place the patient into an unconscious state for transport.
stabilize the patient until the appropriate medical assistance arrives.
providing a competent level of care, recognizing when advanced care is needed, and calling for assistance.
The single most important action for the radiographer when administering emergency care is:
crash
A common name for an emergency cart within medical imaging is the _____ cart.
The medical term for a temporary suspension of consciousness is:
Syncope
What type of shock is caused by a failure of the heart to pump enough blood to the vital organs?
Cardiogenic
Call for help, but do not leave the patient, prevent more harm
A 16-year-old patient comes to the diagnostic imaging department for a CT examination. He is lying on the table in a supine position and suddenly seems to lose consciousness and begins to move violently, with jerking motions. You realize that he is having a generalized seizure. The action that you must take is:
Hypovolemic
The type of shock that is a result of severe loss of blood is:
changes in state of consciousness
Symptoms of a head injury include:
Anaphylactic
What type of shock can result from a severe reaction to the contrast media used in radiographic examinations?
Insulin
Which of these should NOT be given to counteract hypoglycemia?
urticaria, nausea, shortness of breath, tightening in the throat, and cardiac arrest
After the administration of an iodine-based contrast into a patient, it is important for the technologist to observe the patient for:
location of and access to the crash cart.
automatic external defibrillator (AED) operation.
institutional numbers for emergency code announcements.
In preparation for any emergent situation, the professional technologist should become familiar with:
portrays clinical symptoms of excessive thirst and urination as well as dry mouth.
When comparing hyperglycemia with hypoglycemia, the hyperglycemia:
Hypovolemic
What type of shock is caused by loss of blood from a knife or gunshot wound?
have the patient sit down, and allow the patient to use his or her aerosol inhaler.
When caring for a patient with epistaxis, the patient:
violation of federal law.
Failure to pay one’s federal income taxes would be an example of a(n)
violation of socially accepted values.
You are enjoying an evening with a friend at the theater. The person seated behind you routinely texts messages to his girlfriend about the movie and what is happening. This behavior would be a
an ethical violation.
When you were a student radiographer, the importance of radiation protection was constantly stressed, and you have incorporated the principle of ALARA as a professional value. As an employee working within a busy imaging department, you work with some technologists who do not practice radiation protection as you have been taught. One technologist in particular routinely overexposes patients to get a “perfect image for the radiologist.” This poor technologist practice would be an example of
Criticizing a doctor or team member in a private or public forum
Which of the following would be considered an unethical practice for a radiologic technologist?
professional ethics
You are the director of a busy medical imaging department. One of your technologists has been accused of looking up the personal medical records and radiography reports of his brother’s girlfriend. The girlfriend visited the hospital as a patient for an ultrasound examination of the pelvis to rule out pregnancy. Disciplinary action for this technologist would be appropriate because of a violation of
professional etiquette violation
Being rude and impolite to a patient’s family members because they are asking how long an examination will take is an example of a(n)
has its weaknesses because others may not have the same moral value system as you.
Using moral rules as your complete guide to determine appropriate professional behavior
correct choice is not entirely clear and has both positive and negative consequences.
The best way to characterize an ethical dilemma is to describe it as the
consequentialism
You are placed in an unfortunate situation with a patient that requires you to tell a small “white lie” regarding the late arrival of the radiologist. The patient is noticeably upset about the procedure having to be done at all and is quite anxious. You are aware that the radiologist and the patient’s surgeon are meeting in his office to discuss the best approach to deal with this patient’s cancer. You feel certain that telling the patient the truth as to why the radiologist is late would increase her anxiety. This technologist is practicing
Meeting the basic needs of the patient
Being a competent professional
Abiding by the ASRT Code of Ethics
Which of the following best defines fidelity?
is responsible for the maintenance, retrieval, and storage of health information.
A typical health information management department
a formal, documented examination request is entered into the institution’s information system.
the requesting physician must be identified on the request.
reasons for the examination must be on the request.
Before a diagnostic study can be initiated,
communicate to the patient’s physician all care rendered by all persons.
A key function performed by a patient’s health information record is to
the biopsy did not occur because it is not in the health record.
You are asked to testify in a court case involving a mammographic biopsy with which you were involved as a mammographer. During testimony, a question is raised regarding whether the biopsy was done successfully. You remember clearly that it was and state that. In the patient’s health record, there is no written documentation of the biopsy being done. As far as the court is concerned,
Analgesics
drugs that relieve pain without causing a loss of consciousness.
Anesthetics
agents that reversibly depress neuronal function, producing loss of ability to perceive pain and or/ other sensations. Prevents pain during surgery and other procedures
Antiemetic
bind to the receptors in the vomiting center of the brain step and block their signal pathways, that lead to nausea and vomiting, which reduces the nausea sensation
Antianxiety agents
help reduce the symptoms of anxiety, such as panic attacks or extreme fear and worry.
Anticholinergics
drugs that block the passage of impulses through the parasympathetic nerves. relieves cramps and or spasms
Anticoagulants
they interrupt the process involved in the formation of blood clots. Sometimes called “blood-thinning” medicines
Antibiotics
medicines that fight bacterial infections. They work by killing the bacteria or making it hard for the bacteria to grow and multiply.
Anticonvulsants
antiseizure medication that treat epilepsy and other causes of seizures.
Antidiabetics
reduce blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes
Antihistamines
relieve symptoms of allergies, such as hay fever, hives, and reactions to bites or stings
Antihyperlipidemic
help you lower your cholesterol levels.
Antipsychotics
to treat the symptoms of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders
Antiviral agents
drugs that fight viral infections. Most are used for the treatment of HIV, HBV, hepatitis B and C, and more.
Diuretics
drugs that promote the excretion of urine
NSAIDS
manage the pain and inflammation associated with arthritis and other musculoskeletal disorders.
6 rights of drug administration:
· Right Drug
· Right Amount
· Right Patient
· Right Time
· Right Route
· Right Documentation
Three times. Once when the container is removed from the shelf, again when the drug is removed from the container, and a third time when the container is replaced.
When and how many times should you check to make sure you have the right drug?
Always show the container to the person who will administer the drug.
What do you do if you prepare a drug for another worker to administer?
If a drug is not clearly labeled or is outdated what should you do?
Do not use it and report it.
ac
before meals
bid
twice a day
pc
after meals
PO
by mouth
stat
immediately
IM
intramuscularly
Include oral, sublingual, buccal, and rectal
What are Enteral routes of drug administration?
Intradermal (ID), intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SQ), intravenous (IV)
What are Parenteral routes for drug administration?
A 18 gauge needle is larger than a 25 gauge needle.
Is an 18 gauge needle larger or smaller in diameter than a 25 gauge needle?
10 to 15 degree angle
What should the angle of the needle be to the skin (intradermal) injection