AP World History Unit 3 + 4 Brain Dump

Qing Dynasty

Manchurian rulers of China, last Chinese dynasty, controlled economically by Europe

Manchu

Manchurian, Qing Dynasty

Mughal Empire

India, Turks, Islamic, branch of Timurids

Ottoman Empire

Turkey and beyond, Islamic, declined 1500's, Sunni, against Safavid

Safavid Empire

Sh'ia, Islamic, against Ottomans

Tokugawa Japan

Isolationist, Feudal system, shogunate

Samurai

Warriors, abided by a code, they committed suicide if they broke the code, hired by daimyo

Devshirme

European christian (balkan) boys and made them military slaves

Janissaries

Soldiers that were Christian military slaves who became fiercely loyal to sultan

Sikhism

Mix between Hinduism and Islam

Akbar the Great

Mughal ruler known for military conquests and architecture, descended from turks and mongols

Sunni/Shiite split intensifies

Safavid-Ottoman conflict

European divine right of kings

Rulers placed on the throne by GOD!

Versailles

Extravagant palace where Louis XIV forced nobles to live to keep an eye on them.

Taj Mahal

Built after death of Mughal ruler's wife

Louis XIV

Absolute power, aggressive foreign policy, made France powerful

Shogunate

Military leadership, shogun, Japan

Daimyo

Japanese lords, hired samurai, and built castles

Chinese tribute system

People would pay government, network of relation with China as main authority

Protestant Reformation

Split between Protestants and Catholics, brought on by Martin Luthurs, criticizing Catholic Church

Martin Luther

Criticized Catholic church, German monk and professor

Indulgences

Buy your way out of hell

95 Theses

Martin Luthur's paper that criticized Church

Calvinism

Protestant branch created by John Calvin

Church of England

Created by Henry the 8th after he couldn't divorce his wife so he left the Church

Henry VIII

Had 6 wives, created Church of England

Counter Reformation

Catholic resurgence, combat the protestant reformation

Inquisition

Torturing and questioning to combat religious heresy

Jesuits

Religious society, converted others to Christianity

Lateen sail

Triangle sail that helped with maritime trade.

Trading Post Empire

Maritime empire that took control of major trade cities and ports, instead of large pieces of land.

Portuguese in the Indian Ocean

Took control of trade, first trading post empire

French Exploration

Canada, carribean, affected language spoken

English Exploration

North America, French-Indian war

Dutch Exploration

Helped Henry Hudson, Tonga, Schouten Islands

Columbian Exchange impacts on Western Hemisphere

Spread of disease, new products

Columbian Exchange impacts on Eastern Hemisphere

Slavery, gender imbalance in Africa

Chattel slavery

Slaves were property

Indentured servitude

People would commit to working for free for a certain amount of time with the prospect of compensation.

Mit'a system

People would have to work for free on public works projects, later used by the Spanish (in a more slavery-based way)

Encomienda

Gave Spaniards grants for land and indigenous slaves.

Trans-Atlantic slave trade

Slave trade across the Atlantic ocean, caused gender imbalaces and new gender roles in Africa

Middle Passage

Slave trade

Joint-stock company

Multiple private investors took the burden and the benefit of exploration

British East India Company

(major) Trade joint stock company

Dutch East India Company

(major) Trade joint stock company

Spanish conquest of the Mexica

Violent, Disease

Spanish conquest of the Inca

Violent, Disease

Potosi silver mines

Major silver producer, supply was depleted

Conquistadors

Spanish conquerors of South America

Mercantilism

Idea of limited wealth, for your wealth to get bigger someone else's needed to get smaller

Casta system

Societal structure based on race in Spanish South America

Triangular trade

Trade between Americans, Europe, Africa

Peninsulares

People born on the Iberian peninsula who live in South America

Creoles

Also from Iberian peninsula but not born there, born in South America.

Manchu intolerance towards Han Chinese

Different descent, Ming dynasty was unfair to Han Chinese, queue to show respect

Mestizos

Mix of European and indigenous people

Mulattoes

Mix of Africans and Europeans

Syncretic beliefs in the New World

Mix of Christianity and indigenous religions

Treaty of Tordesillas

Divided world in two halves, one belonging to portuguese and other belonging to Spain