Cardiac & Peripheral Vascular part 1

Flashcards covering cardiac and peripheral vascular systems, including anatomy, physiology, and assessment techniques

Precordium

The area in the chest containing the heart and major blood vessels like the aorta.

Apex of the Lungs

The top of the lungs.

Base of the Lungs

The bottom of the lungs.

Base of the Heart

The top of the heart.

Apex of the Heart

The bottom of the heart.

Pericardium

The fibrous sac that contains the heart.

Myocardium

The muscle layer of the heart responsible for squeezing and moving blood.

Endocardium

The inner lining of the heart that comes in contact with blood products.

Tricuspid Valve

The valve that deoxygenated blood passes through when returning to the heart.

Atrioventricular Valve

A valve such as the tricuspid valve and the mitral valve.

Atrium

An upper chamber of the heart.

Ventricle

A lower chamber of the heart.

Pulmonary Valve

The valve that blood passes through on the way to the lungs.

Mitral Valve

The valve that blood passes through upon returning to the left atrium.

Aortic Valve

The valve that blood moves up into from the left ventricle.

Semilunar Valves

The pulmonic and aortic valves.

Systole

The contraction of the ventricles, moving blood forward.

Diastole

Ventricular relaxation, allowing for passive filling of the ventricles from the atrium.

S1

The first heart sound, produced by the closing of the AV valves (tricuspid and mitral).

S2

The second heart sound, produced by the closing of the semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonic).

Brachial or Axillary Nodes

Lymph nodes located in the armpits, draining the chest and upper arm.

Epitrochial Nodes

Lymph nodes located by the elbow on the medial side, draining the lower arm and hand.

Inguinal Nodes

Lymph nodes located in the groin, draining most of the leg and genitals.

Popliteal Node

A lymph node in the popliteal area (knee).

Claudication

Pain with walking in the legs due to blood vessel constriction and reduced blood flow.

Bruit

A blowing, whooshing sound due to turbulent blood flow in the carotid artery.

Jugular Vein Distension

Bulging of the veins in the neck when the patient is sitting at a 30-45 degree angle, indicating a problem with blood returning to the heart.

Apical Impulse and Point of Maximal Impulse

Can be felt at about the fifth intercostal space on the left midclavicular line and is the left ventricle tapping the chest wall.

Lift or Heave

An abnormal pulsation coming from the chest, indicating the heart is working too hard. Abnormal.

Thrill

A vibration felt when palpating the precordium, caused by turbulent blood flow. Abnormal.

Dorsalis Pedis

A pulse located on top of the foot between the first and second toes.

Femoral Artery

Artery used during cardiopulmonary resuscitation located in the groin.

Ejection Fraction

The percentage of blood ejected from the heart with each beat, normally 50-70%.

Whispering pectoriloquy

a test where listening to the patients chest with a stethoscope while they whisper a word to test for consolidation in the lungs.