Horticulture- Germination of a Seed, Propagation (Sexual or Asexual), & Environmental effects on plant growth

Ms. Baar DHS

coytledon

an embryonic seed leaf that contains stored food for the embryo

embryo

an immature plant in an arrested state of development

direct seeding

planting seeds directly into the soil of a permanent location

endosperm

tissue that surrounds the embryo and provides nutrition in the form of starch

epicotyl

the portion of the embryonic shoot above the cotyledon(s) that in most plants develops into tissue leaves

germination

the beginning of the plant growth during which the embryo inside the seed changes into a developing seedling

hilum

a mark on the seed where the ovule was attached to the ovary

hypocotyl

the portion of the embryonic shoot below the cotyledon(s) and above the radicle

indirect seding

planting a seed in an area of soil that isn’t the final place

micropyle

an opening in the seed coat where the sperm entered the ovule prior to fertilization + where water first enters the seed

phytochrome

a plant pigment that senses the presence of red light

plumule

the part of the seed that develops into a shoot

radicle

the part of the seed that develops into the first/primary root

scarification

a seed dormancy mechanism that involves the physical breaking down of the seed coat

stratification

a seed dormancy mechanism where a seed must go through extreme cold temperatures before it germinates

suspensor

a structure that extracts nutrients from the endosperm and anchors the embryo

viability

the ability seeds to germinate under opitmal conditions

vigor

the ability of seeds to produce normal seedlings under less-than-optimal conditions

advantageous root

a root that arises from any plant part other than the seedling roots or their branches

air layering

a layering method in which a stem is girdled about 6 to 9 inches from the growing tip, moss is placed over the area, and then plastic is wrapped around the moss to maintain moisture

asexual propagtion

the process of reproduction in which new plants result from using only the vegetative parts from another plant

budding

a form of grafting in which a single bud with a small portion of wood or bark is attached with the rootstock of another plant

division

a propagation method in which plant roots or an entire plant is cut into sections to make two or more plants from the original plant

layering

a method of asexual reproduction in which roots form on a stem while the stem is still attached to the plant

mound layering

layering method in which a parent plant is severely pruned to 2-4 inch stubs, and the stubs are then covered with soil, and then mounded shrub is left undisturbed until the following spring

plant crown

the part of the plant at the soil surface from which new shoots or leaves are produced

rootstock

the lower portion of a graft that becomes the root system; also called the understock