Chemistry Nomenclature and isomerism, Compounds containing c=o group spec

describe how IUPAC rules are used for naming organic compounds

• Systematic nomenclature can be used to name organic compounds and therefore make it easier to refer to them

• The alkanes provide the basis of the naming system and the stem of each name indicates how many carbon atoms are in the longest chain in one molecule of the compound

describe what type of molecules show optical isomerism

chiral molecules, molecules with a chiral centre

state what a racemate is

a mixture that contains equal amounts of two enantiomers, which are mirror images of each other.

describe how a racemate is formed by synthesis

nucleophilic addition to an unsymmetrical ketone/aldehyde. The planar carboxyl group is equally susceptible to attack from both sides, so equal amounts of each enantiomer is formed

describe aldehydes and ketones