Grade 11 chemistry - The effects of chemical reactions

Chemical reaction

A process in which one or more substances change into one or more new substances

Precipitate

a solids produced as a result of the reaction of two solutions

Catalyst

A substance that makes a chemical reaction occur faster without itself being consumed in the reaction

Law of conservation of mass

The statement that, during a chemical reaction, the total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products

Clues for a chemical change

-there is an unexpected change in colour

-energy is released or absorbed

-a gas is produced

-a precipitate forms

Synthesis reaction

A reaction in which two reactants combine to make a larger or more complex product; general pattern: A + B —>AB

Decomposition reaction

A reaction in which a large or more complex compound breaks down to form two (or more) simpler products; general pattern: AB —> A+ B

Single displacement reaction

A reaction in which an element displaces another element in a compound, producing a new compound and a new element; general pattern; A+ BC —> AC + B

Activity series

A list of elements arranged in order of their observed reactivity in single displacement reactions

Double displacement reaction

A reaction in which elements in two compounds displaced each other or trade places, producing two new compounds; general parttern: AB + CD —> AD + CB

Solution

A homogenous mixture of two or more substances

Solute

The substance that dissolves in a solvent

Solvent

The substance that dissolves the solute

Solubility

The quantity of solute that dissolves in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature

Neutralization reaction

The reaction of an acid and a base in which the resulting solution has a pH closer to 7 than either of the reactants; a type of double displacement reaction that produces water and an ionic compound