wr midterm jainism

Who founded Jainism?

Vardhamāna, also known as Mahāvīra

What constitutes harm in Jainism?

any injury, pain, or death caused to any living being—including humans, animals, plants, and microorganisms—through actions, speech, or thoughts

How does Ahimsa impact the diet of Jains?  What are they allowed to eat? 

Ahimsa, or non-violence, is the core principle of Jainism, requiring followers to minimize harm to all living beings, including microorganisms, through their diet. Jains follow a strict lacto-vegetarian diet, avoiding meat, fish, eggs, and alcohol. They also prohibit root vegetables (potatoes, onions, garlic, carrots) because uprooting plants kills the entire organism and insects.

What were the three tests Anju, the Jain nun, had to pass in order to become a nun?

severing family ties, renunciation of worldly pleasure, the final trial (hair pulling, removal from vanity)

What does the swastika mean in Jainism?

In Jainism, the swastika is a sacred symbol representing well-being, prosperity, and good fortune, derived from the Sanskrit svastika (conducive to well-being). It is a primary symbol representing the four possible realms of existence a soul can inhabit in the cycle of reincarnation (samsara): heavenly, human, animal/plant, and hellish.

What are the three core principles in Jainism?

himsa (non-violence), Aparigraha (non-possessiveness/non-attachment), and Anekantavada (non-absolutism/multiplicity of views)

What are two things Jains focus on to reach liberation/moksha?

ahimsa and aparigaha

Why do Jains focus on fasting for long periods of time?

to purge accumulated karma, purify the body and soul, and cultivate extreme self-discipline, non-attachment, and compassion