New Repro

What is another name for Genito-pelvic disorder?

-vaginismus

BPH primarily occurs in what zone?

Prostate cancer primarily occurs in what zone?

-transitional zone

-peripheral zone

Between complete and partial molar pregnancies, which is associated with an elevated beta-hCG?

-ONLY complete molar pregnancies have an elevated beta-hCG!

Describe VACTERL?

-what is the mechanism of this condition?

-mesodermal defects

Between nulliparity and multiparity, which is associated as a risk factor for endometrial cancer? Why?

-nulliparity; basically, the more periods you have, the more your risk goes up

What gets twisted up in an ovarian torsion?

-the infundibulopelvic ligament

A molar pregnancy is from proliferation of __

-trophoblastic tissue

PCOS has FSH that is (high/low) and LH that is (high/low)

-LOW; HIGH

Patient was recently pregnant(whether it’s abortion or carried through) and has an decal mass with an elevated beta-hCG?

-Theca-lutein cyst

What describes the mechanism of oral OCPs with both estrogen and progestin?

-inhibits the release of a mature ovum(it suppresses FSH and LH, preventing follicular maturation and ovulation

Describe pseudocyesis

-somatic symptom disorder of patient who strongly believes they’re pregnant and presents with early symptoms, but there’s a negative pregnancy test and a thin endometrial strip on US

Basal body temperature is one method to approximate __

-ovulation

The first phenotypic sign of puberty is __

-thelarche

Menarche usually occurs about __ years after thelarche

-2 years

Secondary mound formation is a sign of what tanner stage?

-4

Large, atypical cells with clear halos within the epidermis?

-Paget disease of the breast

What determines if twins are monozygotic or dizygotic(fraternal)?

-if there’s 1 or 2 placentas

Lymph from the testes drains directly where?

-para-aortic nodes

Patient has tumor spread that of the ovaries is bilateral, and there’s GI issues such as fullness…

-what does this histology look like?

-Krukenberg

-mucin-producing signet ring cells

Asherman syndrome classically follows a __ procedure, and has an absence of what layer of the endometrium, on histology?

-D&C; stratum basalis

Why does 21-hydroxylase deficiency cause an elevated angiotensin II?

-it causes low production of mineralocorticoids, leading to RAAS activation

How would you differentiate leiomyomas vs leiomyosarcomas, just based on imaging?

-leiomyomas are numerous; leiomyosarcomas are solitary

A patient that has a pregnancy with postpartum hemorrhage, what’s the first thought?

What classic symptom is present? Why? So what drug would worsen these symptoms, given its MOA?

-Sheehan syndrome

-low/absent breast milk production; low prolactin levels; bromocriptine, because it’s a dopamine agonist