Kinesiology Exam 3 pt. 2

Q1: Flexor Hallucis Longus/Brevis is responsible for:

D — All are true: flexes the great toe, assists ankle plantarflexion, AND assists foot/ankle inversion

Q2: Flexor Digitorum Longus/Brevis is responsible for:

B — Flexes toes inter-phalangeal joints 2–5 (also assists inversion, but B is the key distinction)

Q3: Tibialis Anterior is responsible for:

A — Dorsiflexes the ankle AND assists in inversion of the ankle/foot

Q4: Tibialis Posterior is responsible for:

C — Inverts the foot AND assists in plantarflexion of the ankle

Q5: Tibialis posterior and anterior dynamically support which arch?

D — Dynamically support the MEDIAL longitudinal arch of the foot

Q6: Plantarflexion/dorsiflexion occur at the ___ joint; eversion/inversion occur at the ___ joint

B — Talar / Subtalar (DF/PF at talocrural/talar joint; inversion/eversion at subtalar joint)

Q7: To test peroneus longus and brevis you will always test:

B — Eversion + plantarflexion (both peroneals evert and plantarflex)

Q8: One way to distinguish gastrocnemius vs soleus pathology:

A — Slightly flex the knee to target/isolate the SOLEUS (knee flexion slackens the bi-articular gastrocnemius)

Q9: The gastrocnemius is responsible for:

A — Plantarflexes the ankle AND assists with flexion of the knee (it is bi-articular, crossing both joints)

Q10: The soleus is primarily a plantarflexor due to which origin?

A — Proximal posterior surface of tibia and posterior aspect of head of fibula (its stabilization line is proximal to the ankle)

Q11: The sartorius primary hip movements are:

C — Flexion, externally rotate, and abducts the hip (also flexes and internally rotates the knee)

Q12: The quadriceps consist of which muscles?

D — All are true: vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, rectus femoris (+ vastus intermedius)

Q13: Tibialis anterior supports the medial longitudinal arch via which insertion?

C — Medial cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal

Q14: The VMO (vastus medialis oblique) is primarily responsible for:

C — Terminal knee extension

Q15: The primary responsibilities of the rectus femoris:

A — Flexes the hip AND extends the knee/lower leg (the only bi-articular quadriceps muscle)

Q16: The rotation effect on the knee of the biceps femoris:

A — Laterally rotates the knee (and slightly the hip)

Q17: The rotation effect on the knee of semimembranosus and semitendinosus:

A — Flexion AND internally rotates the knee; assists in extension of the hip

Q18: The ___ of the medial hamstring to the ___ results in lower leg internal rotation and knee flexion:

C — Insertion, proximal medial tibial flair

Q19: The common hip flexor muscles consist of:

D — A and B: Iliopsoas AND Rectus femoris

Q20: Plantaris and popliteus have a common origin in the popliteal space of the:

B — Lateral femoral condyle

Q21: The common extensors (dorsiflexors) of the ankle include all of the following EXCEPT:

D — All are true dorsiflexors (trick question — tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, and extensor hallucis longus are all ankle extensors/dorsiflexors)

Q22: Testing the hip flexor muscles can be accomplished by:

E — A and C: resisted hip flexion from seated position OR resisted straight leg hip flexion in SUPINE (knee extended, hip externally rotated)

Q23: The primary difference in testing gluteus medius vs gluteus minimus:

A — The insertion of the minimus on the ANTERIOR greater trochanter (vs lateral surface for the medius)

Q24: Side-lying hip abducted, slightly extended, and externally rotated describes the muscle action of:

B — Gluteus Medius

Q25: The tensor fasciae latae:

A — Flexes, abducts, and internally rotates the hip

Q26: Common hip adductors:

D — All are true: adductor magnus, adductor brevis, adductor longus, and gracilis

Q27: External rotators of the hip consist of:

A — Piriformis, gluteus maximus, obturators, gemellus (the Deep Six + gluteus maximus)

Q28: Insertion points for muscles that involve "digitorum" typically refers to attachment at:

A — Foot/hand digits

Q29: Extreme tight hamstrings are more likely associated with:

B — Posterior pelvic tilt (tight hamstrings pull the ischial tuberosity posteriorly, rotating the pelvis back)

Q30: A common insertion point of the hip internal rotators:

A — Proximal femur (greater trochanter, anterior surface)

QUESTION 31 — RANGE OF MOTION

Q31: List the 10 hip ROM assessments

1. Flexion (0–120°) 2. Extension (0–30°) 3. Abduction (0–45°) 4. Adduction (0–30°) 5. Internal Rotation (0–45°) 6. External Rotation (0–45°) 7. Horizontal Abduction 8. Horizontal Adduction 9. Circumduction 10. Lateral Pelvic Tilt

Q31: List the 4 knee ROM assessments

1. Flexion (0–135°) 2. Extension (0°) 3. Internal Rotation of tibia (when knee flexed) 4. External Rotation of tibia (when knee flexed)

Q31: List the 6 foot and ankle ROM assessments

1. Dorsiflexion (0–20°) — talocrural joint 2. Plantarflexion (0–50°) — talocrural joint 3. Inversion (0–35°) — subtalar joint 4. Eversion (0–15°) — subtalar joint 5. Pronation — subtalar joint 6. Supination — subtalar joint

QUESTION 32 — TIGHT HIP FLEXORS

Q32: What could happen to the position of the pelvis if someone has tight hip flexors?

Anterior pelvic tilt — tight hip flexors (iliopsoas, rectus femoris, TFL) pull the anterior pelvis downward and forward, increasing lumbar lordosis. This leads to inhibited/lengthened glutes, lengthened hamstrings, and increased lumbar compressive load.

QUESTION 33 — DEEP TENDON REFLEXES

Q33a: Name the first primary deep tendon reflex for the lower extremity, its nerve root, and how to test it

Patellar Reflex (Knee Jerk) — L3/L4 — Tap the patellar tendon with the knee flexed at 90°

Q33b: Name the second primary deep tendon reflex for the lower extremity, its nerve root, and how to test it

Achilles Reflex (Ankle Jerk) — S1/S2 — Tap the Achilles tendon with the foot in slight dorsiflexion

Q33c (EXTRA CREDIT): Name the third deep tendon reflex for the lower extremity, its nerve root, and how to test it

Medial Hamstring Reflex — L5 — Tap the semitendinosus/semimembranosus tendon with the knee slightly flexed

QUESTION 34 — JOINT LANDMARKS

Q34: List two major landmarks of the HIP

1. Greater Trochanter of the Femur 2. Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)

Q34: List two major landmarks of the KNEE

1. Medial & Lateral Femoral Condyles 2. Tibial Tuberosity

Q34: List two major landmarks of the FOOT/ANKLE

1. Medial & Lateral Malleolus 2. Calcaneus (heel) / Navicular Tuberosity

QUESTION 35 — NERVE ROOT CHART

Q35: L1 — Sensory and Motor

Sensory: Groin / inguinal region | Motor: Hip flexion (partial)

Q35: L2 — Sensory and Motor

Sensory: Anterior upper thigh | Motor: Hip flexion; hip adduction

Q35: L3 — Sensory and Motor

Sensory: Anterior mid/lower thigh; medial knee | Motor: Knee extension (quadriceps); hip adduction

Q35: L4 — Sensory and Motor

Sensory: Medial lower leg; medial foot | Motor: Dorsiflexion (tibialis anterior); knee extension

Q35: L5 — Sensory and Motor

Sensory: Lateral lower leg; dorsum of foot; great toe | Motor: Great toe extension (EHL); dorsiflexion; hip abduction; knee flexion

Q35: S1 — Sensory and Motor

Sensory: Lateral & plantar foot; small toe | Motor: Plantarflexion (gastroc/soleus); hip extension; knee flexion

Q35: S2 — Sensory and Motor

Sensory: Posterior thigh & leg; plantar foot | Motor: Plantarflexion; toe flexion; bladder/bowel (partial)

QUESTION 36 — MUSCLE O/I/A

Q36 HIP MUSCLE: Gluteus Maximus — Origin

Posterior ilium; sacrum; coccyx; sacrotuberous ligament

Q36 HIP MUSCLE: Gluteus Maximus — Insertion

Iliotibial band (IT band); gluteal tuberosity of femur

Q36 HIP MUSCLE: Gluteus Maximus — Action

Hip extension; hip external rotation; upper fibers assist abduction; lower fibers assist adduction

Q36 KNEE MUSCLE: Sartorius — Origin

Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

Q36 KNEE MUSCLE: Sartorius — Insertion

Insertion

Q36 KNEE MUSCLE: Sartorius — Action

Flexes hip; externally rotates hip; abducts hip; flexes knee; internally rotates knee

Q36 FOOT/ANKLE MUSCLE: Soleus — Origin

Proximal posterior surface of tibia; posterior aspect of head of fibula; soleal line

Q36 FOOT/ANKLE MUSCLE: Soleus — Insertion

Calcaneus via Achilles tendon

Q36 FOOT/ANKLE MUSCLE: Soleus — Action

Plantarflexion (primary ankle plantarflexor); postural stabilization of ankle; venous pump in lower leg