Cell Organelles Overview

Flashcards covering key terms and functions related to cell organelles.

Organelles

Structures within cells that perform special functions.

Prokaryotic cells

Cells that lack a nucleus, such as bacteria.

Eukaryotic cells

Cells that contain a nucleus, including plant and animal cells.

Cell Membrane

Maintains homeostasis by controlling what enters and leaves the cell; found in all cells.

Cytoplasm

Gel-like substance that suspends organelles and provides an environment for chemical reactions; found in all cells.

Ribosomes

Organelles that make proteins; found in all cells.

Cytoskeleton

A network of proteins providing structure and movement of organelles; found in eukaryotic cells.

Nucleus

Stores genetic information (DNA); surrounded by a nuclear membrane; found in eukaryotic cells.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Involved in making and transporting proteins; found in all eukaryotic cells.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Makes lipids, detoxifies, and stores calcium; found in all eukaryotic cells.

Golgi Bodies (Golgi apparatus)

Modifies, sorts, and ships proteins; found in all eukaryotic cells.

Mitochondria

Creates energy (ATP) from food; site of cellular respiration; found in all eukaryotic cells.

Vacuole

Stores food, water, or wastes within the cell; found in all eukaryotic cells.

Lysosome

Uses enzymes to digest bacteria and recycle old organelles; primarily found in animal cells.

Centrosome

Contains centrioles and creates spindle fibers for cell division; found in animal cells only.

Cell Wall

Rigid structure providing shape and protection; found in plant and prokaryotic cells.

Chloroplast

Site of photosynthesis; uses sunlight to produce food; found in plant cells.

Central Vacuole

Stores water to maintain plant shape; vital for plant health.