Obesity, Starvation, Anorexia of Aging

Exam 2- 316

Anorexia Nervosa

BMI < 17.5

intentional starvation

affects cardiovascular, renal, and GI systems

Bulimia Nervosa

binge eating followed by vomiting, laxatives, excess exercise

binges occur 2x weekly for 3 months 

significantly underreported

BMI is typically WNL

electrolyte imbalances (fluid loss), tooth decay (acid from emesis), severe dehydration (fluid loss)

Vitamin A (retinol) function

promotes good vision

maintains tissues and skin 

supports reproduction and growth 

Vitamin A (retinol) sources 

dairy 

liver

egg yolks 

Beta carotene foods

carrots

sweet potato 

broccoli 

dark green, leafy vegetables 

Vitamin D (sunshine vitamin) function 

works with Ca and Ph to ensure bone growth 

Vitamin D (sunshine vitamin) sources

fortified dairy products

egg yolks 

high-fat fish (herring, salmon, and mackerel)

fortified breakfast cereals 

Vitamin E (anti-aging factor) functions

powerful antioxidant

protects cells from oxidation damage

may reduce risk for heart disease and some cancers 

Vitamin E (anti-aging factor) sources

nuts/seeds

green leafy vegetables

wheat germ 

vegetable oils 

soybean oils 

Vitamin A deficiencies

night blindness

dry corneas

Vitamin A excess

birth defects

liver problems

reduced bone density

skin discoloration

hair loss

dry skin 

Vitamin D deficiencies

rickets

osteomalacia (soft bones)

Vitamin D excess

dehydration

vomiting

decreased appetite

irritability

constipation

fatigue

kidney stones

Vitamin E deficiencies

mild anemia (low red blood cell counts) in newborns

Vitamin K function

helps blood to clot

bone health 

Vitamin K sources

green leafy vegetables

other vegetables

dairy products 

some fruits 

Vitamin K deficiencies

excess bleeding because blood doesn’t clot properly

Calcium

bone health, muscle function, nerve signaling

deficiency: osteoporosis

Magnesium

nerve and muscle function and cardiovascular health

Iron

oxygen transport in red blood cells

deficiency: anemia

Potassium 

heart and muscle function 

deficiency: arrythmias

Sodium

fluid balance and nerve function

Zinc

immune function, wound healing, DNA synthesis

deficiency: delayed wound healing and immune dysfunction 

Phosphorus

bone health, energy production, cell function

deficiency: bone pain, weakness, fatigue